UC Berkeley Free OpenCourseWare Online Classes

Every semester, University of California Berkeley records several popular courses and offers them free to the public as OpenCourseWare classes. New lectures are posted online each week during the run of the course. The webcast classes are archived for about a year; then  theyre removed from distribution. Like other OpenCourseWare programs, UC Berkeley usually doesnt offer credit or  student/teacher interaction for these free online classes. Where to Find UC Berkeley OpenCourseWare UC Berkeley’s OpenCourseWare webcasts can be found on three websites: Webcast. Berkeley, Berkeley on YouTube, and Berkeley on iTunes University.  By subscribing to UC Berkeley courses via iTunes, you’ll receive new lectures automatically and save a copy of each course on your hard drive. If you’re an RSS user, you can subscribe to a course through the Webcast Berkeley website and watch lectures in Google Reader or another appropriate application. The YouTube site provides streaming videos that can be watched anywhere or embedded in a website or blog. How to Use UC Berkeley OpenCourseWare If you plan to use UC Berkeley OpenCourseWare, it’s advisable to start at the beginning of the semester. Since lectures are posted online shortly after they’re given, you’ll be able to watch up-to-date recordings that reflect the most recent research and world events.The UC Berkeley websites offer only lectures, not assignments or reading lists. However, independent learners are often able to gather class materials by visiting the lecturers’ websites. When watching the first video of a course, be sure to listen for a class web address. Many lecturers provide downloadable material on their sites. Top Free Online Subjects From UC Berkeley Since UC Berkeley’s webcasts vary between semesters, there’s always something new to explore. Popular subjects include computer science, engineering, English, and psychology. Check out the Berkeley website for the most up-to-date list. Three sample classes include: How to Write an Essay: This  five-week  introduction to academic writing for English language learners  focuses on essay development, grammar, and self-editing. The  course is free, but two additional fee-based components are offered: a certificate highlighting the knowledge and skills gained and  weekly interactive  small-group sessions with a live mentor.Marketing Analytics: Products, Distribution, and Sales: This four-week  course offers instruction in advanced concepts such as conjoint analysis and decision tree methodologies to product decisions  as well as  the best ways to distribute and sell offerings to consumers. Also provided for a  fee is a certificate highlighting the knowledge and skills gained in the course.The Science of Happiness: This eight-week course teaches the science of positive psychology, which explores the roots of a happy and meaningful life. A  certificate highlighting the knowledge and skills gained in the course is  offered for aà ‚  fee. Part of a Partnership The UC Berkeley OpenCourseWare program is partnered with edX, an online course provider that offers more than 1,900 free and fee-based online courses from over 100 institutions worldwide. The partnership, founded by Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also includes nonprofit institutions, national governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations.

The Theory Of Human Motivation Essay - 1091 Words

Behavioural approach to leadership One of the core assumptions and concepts related to transactional leadership is the idea of ‘the rational man’. Subordinates are considered to be rational people, with rather simplistic motivational models influencing their behaviour. In essence, the theory believes human behaviour can be predicted, as each person is driven by a set of needs, which the transactional leadership framework assumes to be money and simple rewards. Two main theories of human motivation have influenced the transactional framework: Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Douglas McGregor’s Theory X. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Psychologist Abraham Maslow first proposed his ideas around human needs in a 1943 paper â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation†. The paper discusses the different elements of human motivation and needs. For Maslow, human needs are depicted in the form of a pyramid, with the lower-level needs at the bottom and the higher-level needs at the top. At the bottom, the needs are the most basic one. It includes most physiological needs, such as food and sleep, and security needs. The higher the pyramid you go, the tougher the needs can become to achieve. The top needs are about esteem and self-actualisation. Transactional leadership focuses on addressing the basic, lower-level needs, with only slight attention to the higher-level needs. In terms of subordinates, the purpose of the leadership is to ensure there is job security and safety, with the creationShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Motivation843 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation is a topic that is highly popular in modern media. Many medias such as television commercials use motivation as a selling point to most company’s. Human motivation is a strong topic used to sell products such as workout and dietary supplements.The concept of human motivation is the thought of how one can be motivated to do a specific task. People are motivated in many different ways, motivation can come from a drive to want to do something with a tenacious ideal. Motivation is not somethingRead MoreA Theory Of Human Motivation1086 Words   |  5 PagesA Theory of Human Motivation Maslow (1943) sets out to provide a theory as to why we as individuals become motivated to satisfy our basic needs and seek to fulfill other needs once the previous ones have been satisfied. He developed a concept called the hierarchy of needs, which he uses to interpret the different levels of needs individuals acquire. This theory is of importance as it provides reasoning and structure for the fulfillment of our everyday needs. After describing the five needs, theRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Motivation2839 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Motivation is a force that causes employees to select and choose certain behaviors from the many alternatives open to them (Lawler, E Suttle 1972 , 281). It has been widely accepted that motivation is one of the primary drivers of behavior in work place. The theory of human motivation describes motivation as the effective and efficient laden anticipations of preferred situations that guide the behavior of humans towards these situations. There are various motivational theorists asRead MoreA Theory Of Human Motivation2110 Words   |  9 Pagesare countless facets and many temperaments we need to take into account. In modern day, progressive circles, groups are comprised of much diversity and an assortments of ideals. In his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation in Psychological Review. [2]. Philosopher Abraham Maslow stated the third human interpersonal essential as the need to belong. (Include one more sentence commenting the need to belong in groups). 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Persistent Systemic Inflammation Associated â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Persistent Systemic Inflammation Associated? Answer: Introducation The seventy three year old retired Susan Bennett has been diagnosed with COPD. COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the disease of the lung that is characterized by the economics obstruction of the airflow to the lung. The normal breathing mechanism is greatly influenced by it and the patient who is suffering from the COPD often experiences shortness of breath which is increased gradually (Nordn et al., 2015). The client is complaining her GP of her breathlessness even while carrying out her regular life activities. Her GP interrogated her and came to know that she is also suffering from poor appetite and could not eat. She has a history of smoking which she quitted a year back. The pathophysiology of COPD is initiated with the airways and the air sac damage followed by the cough and the difficulty in the breathing (Agust et al., 2012). An additional interrogation is carried out by the attending GP of Susan Bennett. She complained of wheezing, frequent coughing which is sometimes accompanied by sputum and tightness in the chest. She also complained that her coughing is getting severe and it is making her difficult to eat. Her attending GP also observed that Susan has begun to lose weight significantly and Susan also complained of her loss of appetite (Lainscak et al., 2016). Her attending GP also examined that Susan is suffering from high blood pressure and that may lead to the condition known as pulmonary hypertension. COPD patients are often prescribed with exercises. Aerobic exercise is of much help to the patients suffering from COPD as it helps to improve the tolerance of exercise (Mohammed et al., 2017). They help to overcome the problem of breathlessness. Stretching of the arms and legs in order to lengthen the arms slowly is an effective measure to improve the motion and flexibility. Strengthening of the muscles by contracting the muscles repeatedly is helpful as it strengthens the respiratory muscle. Fatigue in leg is the outcome of the six minute walk in a patient suffering from COPD. Oxygen desaturation is also observed in COPD patients. Susan Bennett if suggested to have a walk every day, it is likely that she will continue to suffer from breathlessness and fatigue in leg. This would be tiresome for her and even after resting for some time after taking the walk; dyspnea or difficulty in breathing or labored breathing can be observed (Esser et al., 2015). The practice of exercise by a patient suffering from COPD has many goals. The first goal is the improvement of the circulatory system of the body and enables the body to use the oxygen (Troosters et al., 2016). The heart and the cardiovascular muscle are strengthened by regular exercising and the endurance power of the body is increased. The aim of practicing the exercise is to lower the blood pressure which tends to rise significantly in patients suffering from COPD. The benefit of exercising regularly by the COPD patient is that it helps to perform regular life activities without getting tired or suffering from breathlessness (Brusasco, 2012). The COPD patients thus if perform regular exercise can benefit them by improving the physical condition of the patient and making him fit enough so that he can carry out all the regular life activities. Physical exercise is one of the most important interventions suggested to the patients suffering from COPD. Physical exercise is suggested after carrying out a thorough check up of the patients physiological condition and his capability of performing exercise. Patients suffering from COPD are more often suggested to carry out aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise helps to improve the circulations, thus enabling the body to efficiently use oxygen. The resting heart rate condition is improved and decreases the blood pressure thus helping the individual to breathe properly (Divo et al., 2012). Initial consultation A COPD- specific management program is carried out which provides lesson on exercise and educates the people and helps them in restoring a better quality of life. The main aim of the AEP service provision is to increase the capacity to work independently, educating the COPD patients about the symptoms and outcome of the COPD and give them the training to promote the long term self-management (Dransfield et al., 2013). The AEP reduces the risk factors of dyspnea and mortality which is associated with the COPD. Susan Bennett had a habit of smoking regularly and there were also a history of lung cancer in her family. She was also suffering from right ventricular ejection fraction and that requires an echocardiogram. Susan Bennett also had a healthcare history of depression and GORD or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Risk assessment Pre-exercise screening is important in assessing the physical condition of the COPD patients and their risk factors. Exercise may risk Susan Bennett because she is having a cardiovascular problem and is echocardiogram is suggested for her. Physical activity may pose risk to her as these may results in the condition of low buildup fatty plaques (Durup et al., 2012). The risk of cardiovascular diseases is greatly increased by vigorous physical activity. Susan Bennett is suffering from cardiovascular disease and is suggested echocardiogram. Any physical exercise may pose risk to Susan Bennett (Esser et al., 2015). Approach to exercise assessment One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality are chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or COPD. The patient is suggested to carry out a regular physical activity as a part of the treatment. The exercise assessment is mainly done by the pulmonary rehabilitation which includes the supervision of the exercise training, psychological support o the COPD patients, a self-management education and a counseling process. The patients are meant to attend this session that would help to assess the exercise outcomes that they are undergoing. The assessments also includes the study and understanding of the patients medical history, the examination of the current breathing condition of the patient and identification of other limitations that may interfere with the rehabilitation process. The nutritional assessment of the patient is also carried out which becomes a part of the rehabilitation process. Client goals Susan Bennett was prescribed to do vigorous exercise after a pre-exercise screening was conducted. The goal of prescribing the physical activity is the improvement of the circulation and the COPD symptoms. The goal of the physical activity is to strengthen the cardiovascular system and help Susan Bennett to increase her power to endure. It also aims to lower the blood pressure that tends to increase in the patients suffering from COPD. Another most important goal of the physical exercise is that it helps to improve the oxygen utilization by the body (Galbn et al., 2012). Stretching exercise would help Susan Bennett to increase her flexibility as it involves the heart and lungs and thus in turn help to improve the endurance. Susan Bennett would get help if she performs aerobic exercise as it would help her to increase the endurance level of the heart and the muscle (Gloeckl, Marinov Pitta, 2013). Thus, one of the goals of the exercise intervention is met. The aerobic exercise would also help the body to use the oxygen efficiently which gradually increase the breathing capacity of Susan Bennett. Susan Bennett is also suffering from cardiovascular disorder and is also suggested to take rest and is not encouraged to perform her physical activity in a continuous process. A continuous physical activity would pose a threat to Susan Bennetts life. Susan Bennett is also suggested to have a walk regularly which is also a part of the aerobic exercise and proves to be one of the most effective measures for the treatment of the patients suffering from COPD (Kerwin et al., 2012). Strengthening exercise involves the tightening of the muscle and Susan Bennett is suggested to do this. Strengthening exercise would increase the capability of the breathing muscle and helps in the greater uptake of water and helps to breathe effortlessly. Susan Bennett would be benefitted if she carries out this physical activity as a part of her treatment. The goals of the physical exercise can be achieved by performing these exercises and would help to control and minimize her COPD symptoms (Lainscak et al., 2012). Exercise interventions Susan Bennett has been diagnosed with COPD. She has complained of breathlessness and that she is becoming tired even when she is carrying out her daily life activities. She is also suffering from poor appetite and coughing. After a thorough physical examination, an electrocardiogram has been suggested for Susan Bennett. Susan Bennett also has a medical history of depression and GORD (Magnussen et al., 2014). She has been suggested for some physical activity which would help her to overcome her COPD symptoms. Patients suffering from COPD are suggested to carry out physical exercises. Susan would gradually be able to improve her physical condition. Exercise training can greatly increase the quality of life in relation to health of the patient and enhance the exercise tolerance by the patient suffering from COPD. Susan Bennett has a history of depression and pulmonary rehabilitation would be of much help to her. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a treatment procedure of the COPD patient that includes the psychological counseling and exercising training for the COPD patients (Menezes et al., 2014). It is one of the most important parts of the treatment of the COPD patient and becomes a significant management programs that is carried out to control the chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Susan must consult with her physician before she starts her physical exercise in order to undergo a thorough a check up of her physiological condition. Her physician must consult with her to set the goals to enhance her body fitness and enables her to breathe effortlessly. They should discuss if there is any risk factors of her doing the physical exercise. It is the duty of the physician to inform Susan Bennett that she should adjust the amount of physical exercise she should carry out according to her physiological condition (Mohammed et al., 2017). Stretching exercises is one of the best options available for the COPD patients; it helps in lengthening the muscles of the patients and increases their flexibility as well, these aerobic exercises are known to increase the endurance and functionality of the heart and lungs and are known to be extremely beneficial for the COPD patients. Aerobic exercises increase the capability of oxygen saturation of your body allowing you to use more of the oxygen consumed and improves the breathing as well. Walking and using stationary bikes are other alternatives applicable for COPD patients to try as well (Nordn et al., 2015). Pursed lip breathing is another highly effective breathing exercise for the COPD patients, this exercise is advised by respiratory disease experts to utilize while doing other exercises as well, to improve breathing and increase the functionality of the lungs as well. However, pursed lip breathing can be exercised in any condition, at any time of the day and the patient can do it as many times in a day as preferred (Soler-Cataluna et al., 2012). In order to do this exercise the patient will need to follow three simple steps, relaxing the neck and shoulder muscles, followed by breathing in for 2 seconds through nose, and then breathing out via pursed lips for 4 seconds. Diaphragmatic breathing is an exercise that can be performed by the COPD patients as well. It has to be understood that diaphragm is the most vital respiratory muscle, which is the most affected after an episode of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders. Exercising diaphragmatic breathing can revive the potentiality and functionality of the diaphragm slowly but steadily, however this particular exercise is a little more complicated than rest of breathing exercises and the patient must pay attention to the details in order to get the most benefit out of it (Suissa et al., 2013). The patient will need to lie down bending her knee placing one hand below the rib cage and breathe very deeply through the nose and hold the breath for three seconds allowing the rib cage expand and then very slowly exhale through the slightly puckered lips; it will stretch the diaphragm and revive its functionality that has been lost due to COPD. There are some exercise-induced risk factors identified among the patients who are suffering from COPD and Susan Bennett can also be the victim of this. These risk factors include exercise-induced hypoxemia, sympathetic overactivity and progressive respiratory acidosis. The exercise-induced hypoxemia reduces the quality of life in the COPD patients. They also results in diminishing the level of the exercise tolerance, reducing the function of the skeletal muscle. These conditions would significantly increase the risk of death to the COPD patients (Troosters et al., 2016). Cardiovascular functions are often affected by the sympathetic over- activity in the patients who are suffering from the chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Susan Bennett was suggested to undergo electrocardiogram and maybe she is also suffering from cardiovascular disorder. Over exercising may also become a threat to Susans life. Exercise induced sympathetic over- activity may also results in the significant cardiovascular diseases like stroke, heart failure and many others and may even lead to death. Hence she will have to undergo exercise activities that will not exacerbate her cardiovascular risk factors or will not cause any potential harm to her cardiovascular conditions (Weiss et al., 2013). Progressive respiratory acidosis is also another type of exercise-induced risk factors that may result in the patients who is undergoing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is a condition where a disturbance occurs in the balance of the acid and base as a result of the alveolar hypoventilation. This also proves to be fatal to the COPD patients and is often life threatening. These drug-induced risk factors in the COPD patients can be treated by pulmonary rehabilitation (Wells et al., 2012). Susan Bennetts physician therefore must be careful enough in prescribing her the type of physical exercise she would carry out by assessing thoroughly the physiological condition. She must also remember that Susan has a history of intense smoking and that she also suffered from depression and GORD. There are a few exercises that Susan must avoid at all costs unless completely recovered from her respiratory disorder, such as heavy lifting, push- ups, isometric exercises, running, steep walking, shoveling, etc. Susans physical exercise is monitored by the Follicks diary, Physical activity scale for the elderly and many others. These methods fall under the physical activity monitoring which is carried out on the COPD patients to monitor the physical activity that they are capable to do. Self-motivated exercise program may also be suggested for Susan. These monitoring techniques are affordable and effective to monitor the physical activities that Susan will carry out as a part of treatment for COPD (Boerrigter et al., 2012). References Agust, A., Edwards, L. D., Rennard, S. I., MacNee, W., Tal-Singer, R., Miller, Nursing., ... Crim, C. (2012). Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD: a novel phenotype. PloS one, 7(5), e37483. Boerrigter, B. G., Bogaard, H. J., Trip, P., Groepenhoff, H., Rietema, H., Holverda, S., ... Vonk-Noordegraaf, A. (2012). Ventilatory and cardiocirculatory exercise profiles in COPD: the role of pulmonary hypertension. CHEST Journal, 142(5), 1166-1174. Brusasco, V. (2012). Spirometric definition of COPD: exercise in futility or factual debate?. Divo, M., Cote, C., de Torres, J. P., Casanova, C., Marin, J. M., Pinto-Plata, V., ... Celli, B. (2012). Comorbidities and risk of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,186(2), 155-161. Dransfield, M. T., Bourbeau, J., Jones, P. W., Hanania, N. A., Mahler, D. A., Vestbo, J., ... Lettis, S. (2013). Once-daily inhaled fluticasone furoate and vilanterol versus vilanterol only for prevention of exacerbations of COPD: two replicate double-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trials.The Lancet Respiratory Medicine,1(3), 210-223. Durup, D. J. H. C. J. S. P. H. A. L. B., Jrgensen, H. L., Christensen, J., Schwarz, P., Heegaard, A. M., Lind, B. (2012). A reverse J-shaped association of all-cause mortality with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in general practice: the CopD study.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,97(8), 2644-2652. Esser, R. W., Stoeckel, M. C., Kirsten, A., Watz, H., Lehmann, K., Taube, K., ... Von Leupoldt, A. (2015). Neural correlates of dyspnea in COPD. Galbn, C.J., Han, M.K., Boes, J.L., Chughtai, K.A., Meyer, C.R., Johnson, T.D., Galbn, S., Rehemtulla, A., Kazerooni, E.A., Martinez, F.J. and Ross, B.D., 2012. Computed tomography-based biomarker provides unique signature for diagnosis of COPD phenotypes and disease progression.Nature medicine,18(11), pp.1711-1715. Gloeckl, R., Marinov, B., Pitta, F. (2013). Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD. Kerwin, E., Hbert, J., Gallagher, N., Martin, C., Overend, T., Alagappan, V. K., ... Banerji, D. (2012). Efficacy and safety of NVA237 versus placebo and tiotropium in patients with COPD: the GLOW2 study.European Respiratory Journal,40(5), 1106-1114. Lainscak, M., Schols, A., Farkas, J., Sulz, I., Themessl-Huber, M., Laviano, A., ... Schindler, K. (2016). Weight loss, food intake and mortality in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the NutritionDay survey analysis. Magnussen, H., Disse, B., Rodriguez-Roisin, R., Kirsten, A., Watz, H., Tetzlaff, K., ... Chanez, P. (2014). Withdrawal of inhaled glucocorticoids and exacerbations of COPD.New England Journal of Medicine,371(14), 1285-1294. Menezes, A. M. B., de Oca, M. M., Prez-Padilla, R., Nadeau, G., Wehrmeister, F. C., Lopez-Varela, M. V., ... Tlamo, C. (2014). Increased risk of exacerbation and hospitalization in subjects with an overlap phenotype: COPD-asthma.CHEST Journal,145(2), 297-304. Mohammed, J., Derom, E., Van Oosterwijck, J., Da Silva, H., Calders, P. (2017). Evidence for aerobic exercise training on the autonomic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. psychology. Nordn, J., Grnberg, A., Bosaeus, I., Forslund, H. B., Hulthn, L., Rothenberg, E., ... Slinde, F. (2015). Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD.European journal of clinical nutrition,69(2), 256. Soler-Cataluna, J. J., Coso, B., Izquierdo, J. L., Lpez-Campos, J. L., Marn, J. M., Agero, R., ... Gonzlez, M. C. (2012). Consensus document on the overlap phenotype COPDasthma in COPD.Archivos de Bronconeumologa (English Edition),48(9), 331-337. Suissa, S., Patenaude, V., Lapi, F., Ernst, P. (2013). Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk of serious pneumonia.Thorax,68(11), 1029-1036. Troosters, T., Lavoie, K., Leidy, N., Maltais, F., Sedeno, M., Janssens, W., ... Bourbeau, J. (2016). Effects of bronchodilator therapy and exercise training, added to a self-management behaviour-modification programme, on physical activity in COPD. InAbstract presented at the ERS International Congress(pp. 3-7). Weiss, D. J., Casaburi, R., Flannery, R., LeRoux-Williams, M., Tashkin, D. P. (2013). A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in COPD.CHEST Journal,143(6), 1590-1598. Wells, J. M., Washko, G. R., Han, M. K., Abbas, N., Nath, H., Mamary, A. J., ... Beaty, T. H. (2012). Pulmonary arterial management and acute exacerbations of COPD.New England Journal of Medicine,367(10), 913-921.

Prufrock Essays - Chapbooks, The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock

Prufrock The Deeper Side of Prufrock: A Personal Analysis Thomas Sterns Eliot wrote the poem ?The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock? over a period of six years and published it circa 1917 at the ripe old age of twenty-nine. As his first published poem, ?Prufrock' revealed Eliot's original and highly developed style. Its startling jumps from rhetorical language to clich?, its indirect literary references, and its simultaneous humor and pessimism were quite new in English literature. (World Book, 236) Prufrock's quest for a life he cannot live and a question he has difficulty confronting is intriguingly played out in various aspects of his humanity. He is doing battle in all aspects of his personality, which establishes him as a neurotic character. Neurosis, as defined by the Thorndike/Barnhart World Book Dictionary, is: any one of various mental or emotional disorders characterized by depression, (?I should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.?) anxiety, (?So how should I presume? / And how should I presume? / And how should I begin? / And should I then presume) and abnormal fears, (?Do I dare disturb the universe). The personality of Prufrock embodies these characteristics. The physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of his life are governed by this ailment. Its fingers entwine about his very soul, affecting every area of his consciousness. Physically aging, this thin, balding male is aware of his decaying image, thus more self-conscious and less confident. This cannot be more clearly stated than in lines 40-45: With a bald spot in the middle of my hair? (They will say: ?How his hair is growing thin!?) My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin, My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin? (They will say: ?But how his arms and legs are thin!?) These physical insecurities prevent him from living the life he longs for by distracting him from the things that have real meaning, i.e., ?Shall I part my hair behind? and ?Do I dare to eat a peach These are petty questions that he asks to avoid the ?Overwhelming question.? Prufrock is consumed with these insignificant details of his life. Prufrock avoids life not only through trite physical worries, but through numerous mental labors as well. These mental labors range from imagining himself as being completely vulnerable ?Like a patient etherized upon a table? to Prufrock looking at the superficiality of his life. The lines ?I have measured out my life with coffee spoons?, setting a pillow or throwing off a shawl?, and ?I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled? show the shallowness of thought he uses to avoid coming to terms with his old age. Prufrock is a lonely man. In the poem, there is no evidence of any relationship outside of the one he has with himself. He makes references to restless nights in one-night cheap hotels? and ?women [that] come and go.? He desires intimate relationships, yet lacks the courage and self-confidence to even begin to pursue love. His humanity and dignity cannot fully be realized without it. Prufrock fancies himself to be someone who has known it all ? the evenings, the mornings, the afternoons, the eyes, the arms. His pride leads him to believe that he someone that he is not. Prufrock believes that life is superficial, but he alone is deep. He may not be Prince Hamlet, yet he is still advisor to the Prince. This is not a lowly job. He speaks highly of himself when he states ? Deferential, glad to be of use, / Politic, cautious, and meticulous.? Proud as he is, however, Prufrock eventually states the inevitable. He admits to being ?Almost, at times, the Fool.? With this confession, his pride crumbles and he surrenders to the realization of his mortality. The very next lines emphasize the gravity of this new awareness, ?I grow old? I grow old Here lies the turning point of his worldview. Prufrock once had ?Time to turn back and descend the stair,? but now time is running out. Throughout the poem, Prufrock's concept of time changes. Initially, he takes time for granted: There will be time, there will be time To prepare a face to meet the faces that you

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Had An Interesting Ethical System For Reason

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) had an interesting ethical system for reasoning. It is based on a belief that the reason is the final authority for morality. In Kant's eyes reason is directly correlated with morals and ideals. Actions of any sort, he believed, must be undertaken from a sense of duty dictated by reason, and no action performed for appropriateness or solely in obedience to law or custom can be regarded as moral. A moral act is an act done for the right reasons. Kant would argue that to make a promise for the wrong reason is not moral you might as well not make the promise. You must have a duty code inside of you or it will not come through in your actions otherwise. Our reasoning ability will always allow us to know what our duty is. Kant described two types of common commands given by reason: the hypothetical imperative, which dictates a given course of action to reach a specific end; and the categorical imperative, which dictates a course of action that must be followed because of its rightness and necessity. The categorical imperative is the basis of morality and was stated by Kant in these words: Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will and general natural law. Therefore, before proceeding to act, you must decide what rule you would be following if you were to act, whether you are willing for that rule to be followed by everyone all over. If you are willing to universalize the act, it must be moral; if you are not, then the act is morally impermissible. Kant believes that moral rules have no exceptions. Therefore, it is wrong to kill in all situations, even those of self-defense. This belief comes from the Universal Law theory. Since we would never want murder to become a universal law, then it must be not moral in all situations. Kant believes killing could never be universal, therefore it is wrong in each and every situation. There are never any extenuating circumstances, such as self-defense. The act is either wrong or right, based on his universality law. For example, giving money to a beggar just to get him to leave you alone would be judged not moral by Kant because it was done for the wrong reason. With Kant's belief in mind; if the consequence of immoral behavior were dealt with in a legal structure, people would be prosecuted for EVERYTHING since there are no extenuating circumstances. Kant's categorical imperative is a tri-dynamic statement of philosophical thought:(1) So act that the maxim of your will could always hold at the same time as a principle establishing universal law.(2) Act so as to treat humanity, whether in your own person in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.'(3) Act according to the maxims if a universally legislative member of a merely potential kingdom of ends. In other words, Kant argues that particular action requires conscious thought of the rule governing the action. Whether if everyone should follow that rule, and if the rule is acceptable for universal action, it should be adopted. If the rule is unacceptable, then it should be rejected. In order to understand whether or not an action follows Kant's categorical imperative, w e must prescribe those norms that we wish to be universal laws. These norms are created through value judgments based on issues of justice between persons or groups (nations, etc.) of persons. Kant's theories discuss the ethical questions that determine impartial consideration of conflicting interest in issues of justice. Kant also states that because we must believe that all things develop to their fullest capacity, then we can theorize in summary, through cognitive processes we can create communities, based on moral (ethical) action towards every person, thereby creating universal ethics throughout the community or republic. With that in mind, it appears that Kant makes statements that assume all people within like republics can achieve a level of cognition equal to one another, for without that equanimity of cognition and judgment, then the conflict issues cannot be rationalized through creation of universal law. The statement that all people can achieve a similar level of cognition

Split Brain essays

Split Brain essays Our brain weighs about three pounds and is divided into two similar looking, but different hemispheres, the right and the left. Both are connected to a large bundle of nerves, called corpus collosom. In some people with sever seizer disorders such as epilepsy, it was found that if this bundle of nerves were severed their seizers would stop or at least be under better control. From this surgical procedure, it was discovered that the two hemispheres had different methods of processing information, as well as controlling parts of the body. The left controls the right and the right controls the left. We rely on both hemispheres to process different information; we tend to naturally have one hemisphere that is more dominate than the other. While the brain is an organ that can be seen and held the mind is quite another matter. The mind remains unseen and physically immeasurable, yet appears to be part of us that controls everything. Roger Sperry pioneered this surgical procedure called commissurotomy. The commissurtomy surgically separates the hemispheres, making the transfer of information between them impossible. The patient is then left with two independently functioning hemispheres. Researchers found that when the brain was surgically separated, each hemisphere continued to have individual and private experiences, sensations, thoughts, and perceptions (wood and wood 64). Several experiments were done to test the perception in the split-brain patient for example; words flashed to the right field of vision of patients could be said and written with the right hand. In contrast, patients couldn't say or write words flashed to their left field of vision. Although standard experiments revealed that right hemisphere is nonverbal, it is far from incompetent. Even though the right hemisphere could not communicate to observers what stimuli it had been presented with, it did show some verbal comprehension. Although the patien ...

Historical film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Historical film analysis - Essay Example Human activity is one of the major external causes of climate change. The rising levels of aerosols and the polluted air released from manufacturing activities of cement and other environmental harmful products are among the top causes of climate change. Animal farming and deforestation activities affect climate because the surface is left exposed to extreme radiation. Other factors are poor land use, and depletion of the ozone layer. The earth’s orbit also has some variations which cause changes in the climate conditions. These changes affect the distribution of sunlight to the earth’s surface. Industrial activities carried out by modern technology and developments have led to increase in the level of carbon dioxide over the years. The earth’s temperature has been increased by man-made green houses through releasing gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. The green houses also release water vapor, which contributes to the green house effect by increasing the warmth of the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide gas is a product of soil cultivation in the greenhouses, and is also another cause of climate change because it contributes to the green house effect. Volcanic reactions are part of the external causes of climate change. These release gases and other harmful substances into the atmosphere. After a volcanic reaction has occurred, the earth’s surface is blocked from getting the sun’s radiation because of the cooling that takes place for several years. One of the eruptions that caused climate change is the eruption of Novarupta which was the largest eruption in 1912, followed by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo which was the second largest eruption in the 20th century. The carbon cycle involves volcanoes because they release large amounts of carbon dioxide from the earth’s crust and other carbon dioxide sources. Variation in the solar energy is another cause of climate change. Changes or variations in the solar output lead to the

Leadership and Organizational Behavior Assignment

Leadership and Organizational Behavior - Assignment Example As such, national labor policies are often translated in corporate policies that regulate human capital with sensitivity to these personal and professional goals of each worker. Business managers must make it as a corporate policy to uphold diversity to recognize the different capacities, competences and skills of these employees. Through that, management can systematize performance to attune these all to corporate goals and objectives. If all workers are nurtured by management to be goal-oriented and to be proficient in their tasks, albeit personal and motivational differences, it is perceived that the corporation would likely earn high achievement level (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2010). This is possible if the company was able to harness the participation of the employees in decision-making and in sharing them incentives as reward for great performance. It’s also helpful for the company if its sensitive to business ethics. This calls for management leadership that can help provid e direction to workers on what is relevant; regulate to boost their efforts and motivation; offering reward to the nature of persistence illustrated by employees; and ability to formulate strategic business plans that is contributory to the goals of the company. AllState Insurance Company, for instance, demonstrated their competence to understand and maximize diversity as how they made it as a policy to maximize it for corporate competitiveness (p. 215). This strategy is helpful for organizational internal development and for external relations with its diverse customers. AllState Company with 36,000 employees, have undertaken the following steps to cultivate competitive advantage using diversity: a. Succession Programming – the company accommodated employees with diverse motivation for professional development and enthusiasm for opportunities. As such, they employed women employees and those which came from other nations, including those who came from ethic communities but w ith high educational attainment. b. Development—All employees of AllState underwent career development training o improve their skills and competence. They can opt for more education or through mentoring, coaching or training (p. 215). c. Measurement- The company also enforce Diversity Index assessment which contain quarterly Leadership Measurement System (QLMS) to ascertain their quality service to their diverse customers; to determine their ethical behaviors at work albeit diverse personalities; and about how they gravitate in the workplace with mutual trust among co-employees and managers (p. 216); d. Accountability and Reward—AllState used the Diversity Index as one of the bases to determine compensation to encourage employees to maintain commitment and their responsibilities to contribute to corporate goals (p. 216). It also affords benefits to proficient workers and incentives through free services (p. 216). 2. Discuss how organizational policies and procedures c an impact organizational ethics. Organizational policies and procedures are essential in the upholding and promotion of organizational ethics of a corporation. Policies are internal regulations made by the company in consonance to corporate codes and labor laws that are imperative in strategically directing the goals and performance

Therapeutic polysacchraides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Therapeutic polysacchraides - Essay Example Apart from the fact that carbohydrates are energy bundles in the form of glucose, recent studies have identified several therapeutic benefits especially among the higher polysaccharides. This paper presents an overview of carbohydrate chemistry, chemical structures of different types of carbohydrates, benefits and some of the major functions. Therapeutic functions of polysaccharides are also a brief subject that is described in this paper. Simple sugars or the monosaccharides are the basic carbohydrates. These simple sugars combine to form disaccharides (2 simple sugars), oligosaccharides (2-10 simple sugars) and polysaccharides (more than ten simple sugars). All carbohydrates are either simple sugars or monosaccharides that join with each other to form more complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharides and Classification Monosaccharides are classified based on three categories. First classification is based of the number of carbon atoms present in the compound. Table 1: Monosaccharide clas sifications based on the number of carbons No. of Carbon Classification Example 3 Triose Dihydroxyacetone 4 Tetrose Erythrose 5 Pentose Ribose 6 Hexose Fructose 7 Heptose Sedoheptulose Monosaccharides are also classified based on the location of the carbonyl group and also based on the chirality of the carbohydrate (Zamora, 2011). Disaccharides These are sugars that contain two simple sugars. Some of the common disaccharides are sucrose, maltose and lactose. Sucrose Lactose Maltose The sugar that we use on a day-to-day basis is Sucrose and is made from sugarcane or sugar beets. It is also one of the main ingredients in turbinado sugar, brown sugar, and confectioner's sugar. Lactose is a combination of one molecule each of galactose and glucose. It is a main ingredient in milk. The result of consuming milk and other dairy products in the absence of lactase enzyme which is necessary for the absorption and digestion of lactose is that the undigested lactose moves into the large intesti ne and is acted up on by bacteria leading to gas formation and further diarrhoea (The Chemistry of Carbohydrates Found in Food, n.d.). In some people due to the lack of the enzyme lactase, a condition known as lactose intolerance occur and these people are allergic to milk and milk products. Maltose consists of two ?-D-glucose molecules with the alpha bond at carbon  1 of one molecule attached to the oxygen at carbon  4 of the second molecule. It is also possible that ?-D-glucose molecules connected through carbon number one in a 1?>1 linkage resulting in Trehalose on the other hand Cellobiose which is a tasteless disaccharide consisting of two ?-D-glucose molecules that have a 1?>4 linkage as in cellulose (Zamora, 2011). Oligosaccharides When two to the molecules of simple sugar combine, it forms oligosaccharide. Raffinose or melitose is one of the common oligosaccharide naturally found in legumes and cruciferous vegetables such as beans, peas, cabbage, brussels sprouts, and br occoli. It consists of galactose connected to sucrose via a 1?>6 glycosidic linkage. Raffinose The digestion of raffinose by human system is not possible and as a result, there can be problems such as gas trouble and bloating (Zamora, 2011). Polysaccharides Most of the vegetarian diet consist of polysaccharides and these are large group of complex carbohydrates with undetermined numbers of sugar molecules. In general most of the polysaccharides are insoluble in water but in the

Career Opportunities in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Career Opportunities in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Introduction Given the continued volatility within the UK job market, the opportunities for a university graduate continue to evolve. Ultimately, the nature of the marketplace will continue to rise to meet social and economic challenges, thereby mandating that participants are aptly suited for the responsibilities of the future. Lau and Schaffer (1999) recognised that success in a career of choice offers personal needs fulfilment through long term evolution of workplace achievements and accomplishments, ultimately culminating in power acquisition for the properly situated professional. My long term objectives is to frame my career around such variables, supporting my professional goals and principles while at the same time ensuring that substantial growth and opportunity evolve through my career choice. The following five positions represent key industries within the current UK market, each challenging the participant to invoke a broad skill set to enhance their long term career objectives. Hotel Manager Given the variability within the hotel industry and the season-specific integration of tourism into an operating scheme, the potential for gaining logistical experience and expanding my management skill set within this environment is exemplary. The completion of my degree is an essential part of job acquisition within the hotel industry, and although the management position might not immediately avail itself to me, the long term goal of achieving this notorious job title will present motivational encouragement and strategy in my daily operations. As recognised by MacCannell (2002), the prevalence of tourist egoism in the hotel environment is one which challenges staff to bolster and support such powerful internal demand structures, aligning with tourist expectations to prospect for repeat business. As a hotel manager, my duties would include a coordination of all staff members affiliated with our guests, and therefore, exemplary service levels would need to be evolved from my directi on. The potential for substantial tourism growth considering the coming 2012 Olympic games offers opportunity for positioning within an expanding industry, one which would support my long term career objectives. Aligning my skills with an industry with such broad opportunities would also ensure that as alternate positions across the globe arise that I would be uniquely suited for that market by virtue of experience. Tourism Officer Perhaps the most widely sought opportunity for graduates and professionals of these five, this position entails an integration of a wide number of skill sets and strategic methods. Within the community, the tourism officer plays an essential role in guiding the expansion of tourist commerce and supporting local businesses and facilities through attractive event and festivals. In a recent study Desforges (2001) noted that financial reward is an extremely important variable within tourist endeavours, oftentimes relying on strategic politics to evolve into a socially beneficial medium. Optioning the personnel management abilities which I have learned over my brief, but well experienced positions in the UK work force, the officer position would require staff management, budget alignment, and full spectrum training programmes. This challenging, yet rewarding occupation would integrate my written abilities, planning foresight, and organisational skills to prepare and guide the tourist prog rammes of a particular local authority. The highly competitive nature of this position challenges me to fully develop my expectations and long term strategy prior to offering my CV for review. Ultimately, I believe that my creativity, local knowledge and interest, and resourcefulness will be assets in acquiring such a position. Over the course of the coming months at the university, it would be wise to participate in community events and begin to source industry relationships in order to ensure that opportunities arise upon graduation. Outdoor Pursuits Manager Perhaps the most interesting and personally rewarding position within this grouping is the one which would take me into the outdoors and fulfil my passion for adventurous activity. Requiring technical skill sets including budgeting, people management, and leadership, my commitment to these duties would be more than just job specific. In fact, assuming such a role, the physical challenges alone would encourage me to devise new methods of exercise and diet in order to maintain appropriate energy and stamina. Public speaking would become an inherent participle in this role, challenging me to step outside of my comfort zone and encourage participation through vocal support and direction. Forsyth (1997) recognised that sustainable tourism and environmental responsibility are essential factors in the new realm of eco-tourism. Through my role in outdoor pursuits, whether team building for groups or comporting a family reunion on a sightseeing hike, the need for environmental awareness and e ducation would be a skill set that must be further developed. While there is limited opportunity within this position to surmount a corporate ladder, the potential for entrepreneurism in the long term would enable me to pursue an objective of business ownership and coordination. Travel Agency Manager Perhaps one of the more intriguing positions listed here, this opportunity would rely on my knowledge of both the UK travel sector but international destinations as well. Ensuring that my breadth of venue understanding was at par with industry standards, familiarisation visits to new destinations would assist in developing my knowledge set. This job would incorporate a broad range of my skills including organisation, sales abilities, and management of a sales team. As targets become an increasingly important qualifier within this industry, recognising the methods behind sales and tourism opportunities will continue to enable my management of a team of sales professionals. Destination sourcing offers a unique perspective of consumer motivations and would continue to enable my utilisation of personal interests and professional resources over the long term scope of my career. Recognised by Gille and Riain (2002) the nature of globalisation entails a reorganisation of self and community, expanding horizons and encouraging international participation. In this role, it would be my responsibility to ensure that these connections are deeply entwined in the personal objectives of my clientele. Public Relations Account Executive The final career opportunity, and perhaps divergent from the others in terms of sector, the role of P.R. account executive would offer substantial opportunity to utilize my personality, range of communication skills, and intense drive for success to develop and support public relations campaigns. In this role, business to business sales and networking would become extremely important facets of my daily routine, encouraging a working understanding of purchasing motivations and the key challenges which face each industry in our society. Managing events and press conferences in addition to location coordination for photo shoots or media programmes would also integrate my organisational skill set as well as enhance my understanding of the workings of public scenarios. Hiring staff and event for these events would also challenge my human resource skill set and enable an organisational perspective which could translate into further career evolutions. Buck et al. (2003) challenge that the e mployment philosophy of a firm or corporation is â€Å"embedded within its organisational blueprint† thereby entailing a focus on strategy, media expectations, and client perspective when aligning staff with PR activities (p. 532). The public focus of this position is an exciting offering which would continue to involve my evolution as both speaker and participant within the scope of media relations and operations. This position would be both challenging and rewarding as the broad spectrum of daily operations would enable my participation in highly social and publicly visible events. Conclusion Each of these opportunities presents a substantially different perspective of how my post-university career could evolve. The nature of the UK job market is constant evolution; therefore, over the coming several months, there are many new positions which may develop and with them, the opportunity to enter at the cutting edge of industry. Regardless of destination, my path must be one which is both personally and professionally rewarding. From this expectation, I will carefully make my decision according to the merits of each position and their support of my goals. As long term career development is also an essential part of the reward spectrum, I must align myself with a strong industry in which I can continue to develop my professional skills. Networking and social development will further assist in identifying key participants who can offer sustainable choices in future career developments. While all five of these positions offer well suited principles for my inherent skill set, se veral such as hotel manager and travel agency manager and PR account executive are substantially more attractive due to their public focus and wide sphere of influence. While my future may remain uncertain, the opportunities afforded by my university graduation are not, and I look forward to their realisation over the coming year. References Buck, T; Filatotchev, I; Demina, N; Wright, M. (2003) â€Å"Insider Ownership, Human Resource Strategies and Performance in a Transition Economy.† Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 530-549 Desforges, Luke. (2001) â€Å"Tourism Consumption and the Imagination of Money.† Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 353-364. Gille, Z; Riain, S.O. (2002) â€Å"Global Ethnography.† Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 28, pp. 271-295. Lau, V; Shaffer, M. (1999) â€Å"Career Success and the Effects of Personality.† Career Development International, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 225-231. MacCannell, D. (2002) â€Å"The Ego Factor in Tourism.† The Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 29, No. 1, June.

The Narrator as Literary Device in “Luck,” by Mark Twain

Mark Twain uses the narrator as a literary device in his short story, â€Å"Luck.†Ã‚   The author first uses his own voice to give the story an air of authenticity.   He then changes narrators, building on the original air of authenticity to create a second authentic narrator.   By using the literary device of a first person point of view for both narrators, Twain is able to manipulate not only the actions that take place in the story, but he is also able to manipulate the reader’s understanding of, and his or her opinion of, the characters and events in the story. The narrator that an author chooses creates the perspective of the story.   The narrator is rarely synonymous with the author; however, it is not an unheard of occurrence for the two to be identical.   Twain is briefly the narrator of this story, given that he manipulates the readers’ perspective by declaring this story to be a true one and not â€Å"a fancy sketch† (Twain page). He increases this authenticity by signing his initials to the statement, thereby injecting himself into the action of the story.   Because this practice is not a common one in fictional stories, although it was more common at the time that this story was written than it is now, Twain’s â€Å"appearance† in his own fictional work gives it a suggestion of being a work of nonfiction. The first person narrator that Twain chooses to tell the majority of the story is ostensibly a unnamed clergyman, formerly a â€Å"cornet† (second lieutenant) in the British army under a lieutenant-general the first narrator gives the pseudonym â€Å"Scoresby.†Ã‚   Simply by setting the fiction of the need for a pseudonym for the lieutenant general, Twain has created the suggestion of literal truth for the story about to follow.   The second narrator, however, is an unreliable one. By stating that Scoresby’s success comes solely from luck, it is clearly apparent that the clergyman’s opinion would differ from that of the lieutenant general.   There is some question as to why these opinions would differ, at least from the clergyman’s perspective.   While it should come as no surprise that Scoresby would certainly prefer to characterize his success as deriving from skill, the clergyman could have one of three reasons for having a different opinion.   All of these reasons extend from his knowledge of how Scoresby came to be a member of the military.   First, it is possible that Scoresby is truly an inept, but lucky, man. The reader is left to reason for him or herself whether Scoresby could possibly be that fortunate.   Twain relies on the knowledge that many people have had surprising luck in their lives, or know of people who have had such luck.   By failing to mention names of actual battles and by failing to provide the â€Å"real† name of the lieutenant general in question, the series of events might seem plausible. Second, clergyman might be operating from a feeling of guilt that he allowed Scoresby to cheat his way into the military without speaking up about his role in that cheat.   His guilty feelings might color his perspective on Scoresby’s actual successes.   After all, having gotten into a military school, it seems logical that Scoresby might have learned some practical knowledge and skills no matter how he came to be enrolled. The narrator appears to be unwilling to acknowledge this fact, however.   Finally, the clergyman might be operating from the desire to have his name attached to that of a successful man.   By crediting himself for getting Scoresby into the school while at the same time denigrating the lieutenant general’s own skills and knowledge, the clergyman makes himself more important in his own military role–at least in his own eyes. Twain uses the role of the narrator as a literary device for controlling the reader’s perspective of the subject of the story.   By injecting a first person narrator into the action of the story, Twain creates a situation whereby the reader’s perception is easily manipulated.   Ultimately, however, the reader is left to decide on the authenticity of the story, due to the unreliability of the narrator.   Ã‚  In the end, the reader must decide on the actual role of both the narrator and of the possible role of luck over the course of Lieutenant-General Scoresby’s career. Work Cited Twain, Mark.   â€Å"Luck.†   Publication.   City: Publishing House, date.

“How does Alfred Hitchcock explore the duality of human nature in the film Psycho?” Essay

Alfred Hitchcock uses many ways to explore the duality of human nature in his films, especially in the 1960 horror thriller Psycho. The duality of human nature represents our inner self, aspects that are mainly opposites, the light showing good, the dark showing evil, the natural and the unnatural, are just some examples of human nature. Hitchcock explored the duality of human nature using ways such as lighting, dialogue, camera angles, music, comparing and contrasting what different characters would do when facing the same problem and individuation. According to Carl Jung, individuation is when a person confronts they inner side (usually the dark, negative and evil side). He believed that successful individuation meant that a person not only confronted their dark side, but conquered it as well and that people needed to recognise and confront the negative aspects of their personality or their â€Å"dark† side would destroy the person. This means that inside everyone, there is a darker side, an evil and bad side, that must be confronted, or it will ruin you. By looking at the two main characters Norman and Marion, and two minor characters, Sam and Lila, we can see the duality of human nature. Both Marion and Norman are being confronted with their inner dark self, yet, Marion conquers her dark side, while Norman lets it take over his life. Sam and Lila, however, are mostly seen as good and â€Å"natural†. There are many key scenes throughout the movie Physco, which explore the duality of human nature. Some of these scenes include the opening scene, the scene in which Marion is driving away after taking the money and the parlour scene. The blackness of Psycho’s opening credits sequence symbolizes death and the opening scene of Psycho starts with a pan view of the cityscape of Arizona. The shot, from a wide pan into a dark bedroom, leads the viewer into a dark, secretive space, showing the viewer immediately that we will witness something secretive and dark occurring during the film. The viewer also knows that the theme of hiding from something is established, as the two are hiding their affair, and Sam is hiding, or shying away, from marriage to Marion. We learn that the two have money problems, from Sam, who says, â€Å"I sweat to pay off my father’s debts and he’s in his grave. I sweat to pay my ex-wife alimony, and she’s living on the other side of the world somewhere†, and â€Å"A couple of years and my debts will be paid off, and if she ever remarries the alimony stops. † Marion knows the only problem between the two of them is money, and that if it wasn’t for money, the two could be together. It is at this time, that Marion begins to confront her inner self, the need for more money, so she herself can marry Sam, and not have to worry about her job. When Marion returns to work after her â€Å"lunch hour† she complains of a headache. When Marion’ s boss asks her to deposit $40,000 for him, â€Å"I don’t even want it in the office over the weekend. Put it in the safe deposit box in the bank and we’ll get him to give us a check on Monday instead†¦ † Marion sees this as a chance for her to finally be with Sam and solve all her financial problems. Behind Marion’s desk are paintings of sprawling lands, including images of trees, woods and natural landscape. These images juxtapose her isolation and show her desires for freedom. The scene in which Marion is driving away from Phoenix is also a key scene in which Hitchcock explores the duality of human nature. We see Marion driving away, after she leaves Phoenix and after she meets with the Police Officer, trades her car, and as she does so, the audience sees how uneasy she feels, the tension in her expressions, and we hear the imaginary voices she is hearing in her head, about what may be happening because she has taken the $40,000. Marion is thinking about what the consequences of her â€Å"theft† were, and what is happening back in Phoenix. The audience hears the voices in Marion’s head, the voices of Marion’s boss, her sister, what Marion is thinking. The audience is put into Marion’s mind. We feel the tension when she is being interrogated by the Police Officer and in a way, we feel relieved when she is let off, even though what she did was morally wrong. In many places in this scene, we are put into the point of view from Marion’s perspective, which brings duality of human nature not only to her, but to us as well, as we feel like WE are in the scene. Hitchcock does this as he wants the audience to think, what they would do if we were Marion’s position, which questions our own duality. Marion, while she is driving away with the stolen money, has currently let her dark, inner side take over her. She is taking advantage of her boss’s trust in her and is doing this out of personally greed and wealth. Here, Hitchcock is showing us what giving in to your inner dark side can result in. One of the major key scenes in Psycho that shows how Hitchcock explored the duality of human nature is the parlor scene, between Marion and Norman. At the start of the scene, after Norman returns from the house with milk and food, they converse briefly outside on the porch, and we see a reflection of Norman on the window. This shows his other side, his â€Å"mother† side, which has just been â€Å"lit† in him. The framings of Norman and Marion are unnatural. She is roundly lit, while he is being lit at angles and relatively more dim than Marion. He is a man, offering milk to a woman, and the openness he shows towards her symbolize the fact that he has chosen her as his next victim. However, it is not till they go into the actual parlor that Hitchcock explores the duality of human nature even more. The parlor room is quite small, which forces Marion and Norman to sit quite closely to each other. Even though they are both in the same room, the lighting the two receive is considerably different. Marion sits near a lamp, and her frame looks more lit, and well-rounded, giving her a glowing and warm feeling, as if she is good and positive. It appears to seem that she is redeeming herself from what bad she did before. Norman, however, has a frame with many shadows- a symbol of darkness and evilness and the lighting on him seems both angular and irregular, and unlike Marion, we cannot see the whole of Normans face, like as if Norman is hiding something. Also, while Marion looks like she is at total ease, Norman seems to be irregular and the atmospheres around him seems to be evil and dark. During almost the whole scene, Norman’s left side of his face is the only side that’s visible, while we can see the whole of Marion’s face. While both characters do not look to out of place in they individual frames, when they are put side by side, there is a clear contrast between Marion and Norman. Marion, in light colored clothing, seems to represent goodness and normalness, while Norman, in dark colored clothing, seems to represent evil, darkness, and a sense of abnormality. Here, we see very, very clearly the duality of human nature. Marion symbolizing the good, and Norman symbolizing the bad. But there is even more to this scene that adds onto the duality of human nature. We learn that Norman has a hobby for stuffing birds, and we see them, around the walls of the parlor, the camera often using a low angle shot to capture them. They seem to look over what is going on, and as they appear above Norman, look as though they are overpowering him, making his decisions and such. This shows that while Marion is trying to conquer her inner side, Norman has already let it conquer him. Norman asks Marion â€Å"What are you running away from? † and Marion seems shocked that he would ask. But when Norman says, â€Å"No. People never run away from anything. The rain didn’t last long, did it. You know what I think? I think that we’re all in our private traps–clamped in them. And none of us can ever get out. We–we scratch and claw, but only at the air–only at each other. And for all of it, we never budge an inch†, Marion begins to realize that she needs to go back and get out of her â€Å"trap† instead of trying to run away from it. We also find out that Norman himself is also in a trap, but he says, â€Å"I was born in mine. I don’t mind it anymore†, it shows us that Norman has not been able to conquer his inner side and has let it conquer him. Unlike Norman though, Marion does conquer her inner dark self and we know this when she says, â€Å"I’m very tired. And I have a long drive tomorrow–all the way back to Phoenix†, â€Å"I stepped into a private trap back there and I’d like to go back and try to pull myself out of it before it’s too late for me too. † This again emphasises the point that Marion is the good and natural side while Norman is the dark, evil and unnatural side. So by just looking at some of these key scenes in the film Psycho, we know that Alfred Hitchcock used many ways to explore the duality of human nature. He used lighting to bring some characters into â€Å"good light† and show the â€Å"goodness† in some and the â€Å"darkness† in others. He also used camera angles, the show the sense of normality in some and abnormality in others, making them natural or unnatural. What different characters said also explored the duality of human nature, as the dialogue was very important, as it gave us an inside view to what the characters were thinking as well as what they said. Individuation- confronting and conquering your inner dark side, also explores the duality of human nature. Comparing and contrasting characters was another way Hitchcock explored the duality of human nature as he compared the good characters to the bad, and what different characters would do under the same problem. So, it is clear to see, that Hitchcock used many successful ways to explore the duality of human nature in the film Psycho.

Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essays

Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essays Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essay Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essay Essay Topic: The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Frederick Douglas Essay In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, and In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, both authors portray a similar view on slavery and the people in the South. In both pieces of literature, the main characters had no parental guidance, and both began as being slaves to cruel slave owners. One difference that occurs between the two is that in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the people who do ad things are punished, while in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, many cruel people get away with their crimes. In Mark Twains novel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Husks childhood is lonesome. He has no parental figures to assist him in making good choices in his life. His mother was dead and he was never able to meet her, while his father was a drunk. HIS father was away most of the time and rarely paid any attention to him. This lack of appreciation could easily make a young child feel unwanted and make It worse In the life of a slave. Especially since he was mistreated by his slave-owner as ell. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, Douglas was forced to grow up with no identity and not knowing who his father is. This is difficult for a young child to comprehend, especially since he was surrounded by white neighbors and friends who were all aware of their fathers identities. : More importantly, Douglas was forced to grow up without the nourishment of a caring mother because they were separated when Douglas was still a very young boy. Both these authors are trying to show the audience the hardships that African Americans were forced to go through. Also, they re attempting to portray how cruel the white people were and how unequal the two human beings were. The character Houck, from the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, was enslaved to a harsh woman named MISS Watson. She was an extremely mean and Ignorant slave owner who forced them to work terrible hours and assist her in everything that she does. Similar to that, in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, Douglas first master was Mr.. Anthony, who was a very ignorant man because he treated his slaves like trash constantly whipping them and beating them. Also, since they lived on a limitation the slave-owner was most likely not one to remember their names or even know of some of his slaves existence, but only by the mass number he had obtained. Both pieces of literature had an astonishing similar way to describe the southerners, as the bad guys, which Is true because of the way they mistreated the humans working for them, but In an offs persons point of view, slavery was common and known to be a way of life. Some people knew that It was morally incorrect what they were doing, but since It was so convenient, they attended religious events to help hem feel better and not feel so guilty of their actions. Lastly, the main and most frustrating difference between the fictional, the Frederick Douglas, is the result of the actions that the bad people did. In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the imposter for the Duke of Bridgewater and the imposter for the dauphin, King Louis Wigs son, are punished for their crimes. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, there were many people who got away for their misdeeds including murder. For example, when Douglas was young and lived on the plantation, he saw Demy, another slave, go into a creek to soothe the pain room being whipped, but when Mr.. Gore, the overseer, counted to three and Demy did not respond, he shot him right there. When he was questioned by the land owner, Mr.. Gore said that the slave was a bad example. Another incident where the slaves were mistreated was when Douglas lived in Baltimore. He witnessed the Hamilton family beating their two slaves, Henrietta and Mary. An investigation was to be held, but no one had it enforced and so the Hamilton family was able to live their life free and no pay the consequences for their actions. This shows how painful the Ruth is about real life and how in fictional stories the bad guys always receive their punishments, while in real life some people are able to get away with their crimes. The comparison that Mark Twain and Frederick Douglas make in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, and the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, about the way the southerners treated slaves with inequality and cruelness shows how life could have been difficult if you were born in this time period. Mark Twain, though, describes his fictional stories as to what we wish them to be and not as to how they occurred all of the time.

Prisoners of War POW essays

Prisoners of War POW essays There was much significance in the events of the Prisoners of War during the time of the Vietnam War. The POW events affected the way in which war was conducted, the outcome and experience to soldiers, and Americas future as well. The events that took place with the POWs were an important aspect of the way war was looked at during the war in Vietnam. Prisoners of war, or otherwise known as POW, are members of the armed forces of an enemy country who have been captured in the event of wartime. In one of the stories in the book, Everything We Had, Admiral William Lawrence describes the events that took place for the duration of and after the time that he was captured while he was at war and held in Hanoi as a Prisoner of War during the Vietnam War. Lawrence was a pilot who was shot down while flying and then was captured by Vietnamese troops after landing nearby the Red River Delta. He was then taken to Hanoi, where he would stay along with the other POWs for the next 7 years of his life. When they all first arrived there, the POW were blindfolded and tied up, and if they talked they would get hit with the butt of a gun or beaten even worse. The prisoners were kept in extremely small cells, usually separated with people from the same country. The prisoners werent allowed to talk so Lawrence explained how they had developed a tap code in order to communicate with each other without letting the guards surrounding them know what was going on. Since the Vietnamese were always attempting to try and have a prisoner write a propaganda letter, or any other way of interrogation towards the prisoners, communication was a must and the prisoners were very intelligent in finding methods of transporting messages back and forth to each othe r without talking. The prisoners also got a radio played to them everyday which was about the USs involvement in the war. ...

Article analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article analysis - Term Paper Example Health care in America faces relevant pressing issues that need immediate attention. Statistics provided by the AFL-CIO (â€Å"What’s Wrong With America, par. 2) reveal that 47 million Americans are without health insurance. Hacker (â€Å"Health Care for America†, par. 2) averred that â€Å"health insecurity is not confined to one part of the population. It is experienced by all Americans: those without insurance as well as those who risk losing coverage; those who are impoverished as well as those with higher incomes who experience catastrophic costs; those who are sick or injured as well as those who are just one sickness or injury away from financial calamity†. The Obama administration planned to reinforce the universal health care system for (almost) all Americans regardless of age, income, policyholder, gender or race. Incorporated in this universal health care plan is a National Health Insurance Exchange which would oversee current private insurance policyholders. Issues emerged on concerns that covering the uninsured entails paying higher taxes to subsidize this cost. In line of the economic crisis, these reforms are evaluated in the light of current budget constraints, specifically on education and Medicare programs. Further, the Miller averred that congressional leaders continue to divulge opposing views regarding the changes that were to be implemented and how to implement them. The cause of the disagreement was basically on public option, â€Å"a government-run insurance scheme, and how to pay for the remainder of reform† (BBC News, 2010, par. 19) The Republicans consistently opposed Obama’s healthcare reform indicating that healthcare would be "more bureaucratic and expensive" (BBC News, 2010, par. 25). They â€Å"focused on reducing the cost of health care and included only modest increases in insurance coverage† (Miller, 2010, 1103). The Democrats, on the other hand, supported Obama’s bill requiring â€Å"most Americans to

Foreign Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Foreign - Assignment Example costs, distribution, advertising costs and government policies are some of the many factors which mostly impacts on the success of a new business in a new country. Physical and demographic environment such as the population, its distribution and growth impact on a new business in that it determines the capital invested in establishing the business and quantity of production. Economic environment goes a long way in analyzing the existing competitor and the availability of disposable income and patterns of expenditure (Hopkins 13). Cultural and social environment touches on a diverse range of factors. These factors which entail situations like education levels and literacy rates can detriment the success of a business in a foreign country. Legal environment constitutes of government guidelines that foresee how trade is oparationalised on the day to day basis. This may include working hours which may vary from country to country depending on its governing legislations.Lastly, political environment also to a great extent impacts on business growth in a foreign country. Constant political turmoil scuttles security prospects which in the long run lead to eventual failure of the

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Assignment

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens - Assignment Example The book is based reveals various themes that are critical to the upholding dignity in the society. On the other hand, Dispatches from the Edge, Shake Hands with the Devil, Night/Diary of a Young Girl, For Whom the Bell Tolls depicts similar themes that reflects on the social setting in both social and spiritual aspects. The theme of social justice and that of darkness and light are common in all the readings. The notion of certainty in the quest for justice in the social arena seems inseparable from either darkness or light. The A Tale of Two Cities is keen on the social justices in the two cities and the main character of the novel reveals the notion. Also, the cities are miles apart, brutality is common. The lawbreakers and criminal are hang by the authorities. For instance, Darnay began working at a tender age and in the quest for justice, the revolution occurred. This highlights the notion of both darkness and light, approaching the social situation from both good and bad perspectives. In addition, the notion of foreign intervention is evident in the book, â€Å"The few words that he caught from this mans lips, first made it known to Charles Darnay that the king was in prison, and that the foreign ambassadors had one and all left Paris. On the road (except at Beauvais) he had heard absolutely nothing. The escort and the universal watchfulness had completely isolated him. That he had fallen among far greater dangers than those which had developed themselves when he left England, he, of course, knew now. That perils had thickened about him fast and might thicken faster and faster yet, he, of course, knew now. He could not but admit to himself that he might not have made this journey if he could have foreseen the events of a few days. And yet his misgivings were not so dark as imagined by the light of this later time, they would appear† (Dickens, Chapter 1, Part 3, p 273).

Reflections on Bowling for Columbine Essay Example for Free

Reflections on Bowling for Columbine Essay The Columbine High School massacre struck me the hardest. It was horrifying to see the whole school in turmoil. Students and teachers were running wild and everyone screamed and panicked as the vitriolic killers aimed for their next target. Even more repulsive, the killers were only teenagers who study at that exact school in Columbine and were killing their own classmates. They were also seen going to bowling class that morning of the calamity. How could they do such a leisure activity when they were preparing to lay innocents to waste, to end their lives? How could they embark on such a shooting rampage, and finally, committing suicide? The deaths, injuries, and upheaval of the school plunges audiences into thinking the abuse of firearms and the seriousness of gun violence in the USA. What is the cause for such massive gun abuse in the USA? Michael Moore has tackled with some of the suggested reasons. Some may say the USA has a violent history, yet Germany, considering what its been through during the second world war, does not have as much snipers roaming about as the USA; countries other than America also have violent video games or movies but does not seem to suffer from gun abuse; Canada has a larger diversity of ethnic groups and higher unemployment rate, and people can possess a gun out of their own volition, but they dont have as much homicides through guns. One of the real causes behind the extreme behaviour of murderers can be because of the influence of the media. What has media done to their lives, to our lives? It can bring us with the latest news from all corners of the earth, convey messages, influence docile citizens, start a fad, or perhaps, spread fear and anxiety among people in the society as well? If the media announced that from tomorrow onwards no more imports will be allowed to enter Hong Kong, there is no doubt people will start panicking right on the spot and rush to supermarkets to hoard food and supplies. This would have wreaked a complete havoc on Hong Kong. This actually happens in the USA, where the media always tends to alert the public by exaggerating (or sometimes truthfully saying) facts. Americans start to live in fear, and as they start to live in fear, they begin to secure themselves with weapons. When everyone has a weapon and is ready and prepared to use it at anytime, the country will soon end up chaotic with everyone suspicious of his own  neighbour and ready to for some homicide. With the use of irony and mockumentary, Michael Moore has successfully presented Bowling for Columbine in a light-hearted way in some respects. Clips of South Park totally subdued the taut atmosphere from the scenes of the grisly massacre and the cartoon on American history was a brief mocking version that is flippant but true. Its theme song What a wonderful world was played several times throughout the documentary and the lyrics trees of green, red roses too, I see them blue echoed over black and white picture of dying war victims, massacres and killing sprees that went out of control. The contrast was stark which imprints deeply into audiences mind. Nothing can be too biased, nor can it be too democratic. Although this documentary seems to present us with an omniscient viewpoint, but are we restricted to one perspective (naturally Michael Moores) only? It is often impossible for directors to totally subjugate personal political convictions to their professional commitment to fairness and balance, and in this case, we might be oblivious of a few blatant facts that are not presented in the documentary. Like Canada may not be as crime-free as it seems (is it possible that all Canadians do not lock their doors?) and what would really happen if it was declared illegal for Americans to own a firearm. Would a greater disorder be resulted?

Harriet Tubman Essay -- essays research papers

Harriet Tubman was an important African American who ran away from slavery and guided runaway slaves to the north for years. During the Civil War she served as a scout, spy, and nurse for the United States Army. After that, she worked for the rights of blacks and women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harriet Tubman was really named Araminta Ross, but she later adopted her mother’s first name. She was one of eleven children of Harriet Greene and Benjamin Ross. She was five when she worked on a plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland. She was first a maid, and a children’s nurse before she started working as a field hand when she was twelve. While she was thirteen, her master hit her head with a heavy weight. The hit put permanent neurological damage (she couldn’t learn as well as before), and she passed out without warning throughout the rest of her life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1844 she got permission from her owner to marry a free black man, John Tubman. For the next five years Harriet Tubman lived in a state with only a little slavery. She remained a slave, but her master allowed her to live with her husband. But the death of her master three years after she was married made Tubman’s status uncertain. There were rumors going around the slave houses that the slaves would be sold to settle the estate. Tubman ran away to the north and became a free person. In 1849 he moved to Pennsylvania, but came back to Maryland after about two years hoping that her husband would...

From the Large Scale Universe to the Milky Way

From the Large Scale Universe to The Milky Way Jason Norton SCI/151 Benjawan Kjornrattanawanich May 28, 2012 Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole. Describe the foundation of modern cosmology. Cosmology is the branch of study in relation to the origin and nature of the universe (Farlex, 2012). The thoughts and opinions on how the universe began over the years was one of spiritual and scientific. Through beliefs of the Bible and followers of the faith it is believed that God created the universe and everything in it. From a scientific view it is believed that the universe was created by The Big Bang.Throughout time many astronomers and scientists pushed the envelope to prove that the universe was not created by God but instead created by one force in space that over time has further developed what is on Earth and out in the universe. Most of the scientists and astronomers back in time were followers of the religion and almost had their own beliefs lead them into the wrong direction. It was not until such people as Galileo, Copernicus, and Sir Isaac Newtown that further proved The Big Bang Theory caused the creation of the universe.Galileo theory of the Earth revolving around the sun had him almost executed by the Roman Catholic Church. Galileo’s use of the telescope marked him as a modern science marvel. His discoveries spanned from the moons of Jupiter to the moon. In relation to cosmology, Galileo’s contributions to the understanding of the universe and how it begun helped shape the modernization of cosmology. It was not until later that Galileo’s contributions were proven to be liable and relative. Present-day cosmology continues to make theories and observations in attempt to prove out or further discover the realms of the universe.The Big Bang theory is a part of cosmology. Explain the Big Bang theory and provide an example of one experiment scientists performed that supported it. The Big Bang Theory has been thought to have begun approximately 15 billion years ago with an explosion that created where people live and everything around us in the universe. This matter and energy in space was held in one area and when the Big Bang happened it helped to lay the foundation of the universe. It help to create and layout the universe and continues to this day to still happen based on scientific observations.Edwin Hubble has credited with the source of the foundation behind the Big Bang with the use of the Hubble Telescope. Hubble’s observations and discoveries of the Milky Way Galaxy and beyond just scratched the surface for astronomers and scientists when it relates to what is out there. An example of one experiment scientists performed that supported the Big Bang theory was, â€Å"Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (1916) is a generalization of Newton’s Law of Gravity. Gravity is described as a distortion of space and time.The Cosmological Principle is an assumption that matter in the uni verse is uniformly distributed when averaging over large-scales, and that the distribution of matter is homogeneous and isotropic. This laid the foundation of the Big Bang Model, which was â€Å"Big Bang Theory = General Theory of Relativity + Cosmological Principle† (Welser-Sherrill, 2007, pg. 1) The Milky Way is just one galaxy that resulted from the Big Bang. Describe the structure of the Milky Way and how dark matter influences it. The Milky Way’s structure is that of a spiral with approximately 400 billion stars.The Milky Way contains gas and dust among its three distinct makeup components; halo, nuclear bulge, and the disk. 1. The halo is a makeup of the oldest stars. 2. The nuclear bulge (center of the galaxy) its view cannot be seen clearly because of the dust and gases. 3. The disk section of the galaxy is where the Earth lies along with the Sun and other planets and stars. The halo section of the galaxy is the larger part of the galaxy but due to dust and gas es it is not clear just like the nuclear bulge.This material, which is not clear, is known as dark matter. Dark matter which is not visible is believed to help influence the gravitational effects on other matter within the galaxy. When was dark energy discovered? How has that discovery changed our view of the universe? In the late 1990s dark energy was observed through a supernova causing the expansion rate of our universe to accelerate. This dark energy has changed the view of the universe because scientists expected the expansion to slow down but in fact it is going faster due to this energy.What is a theory of everything? What does it aim to do to our understanding of the universe as a whole? â€Å"The theory of everything is believed to believe the ultimate theory of the universe of which a set of equations capable of describing all phenomena that have been observed, or will ever be observed† (Laughlin ; Pines, 2012, pg. 1). This theory will help improve the understanding of what makes up the universe, which is not explained or well-known. Some of those areas would be black holes, evolution of the universe, and etc.References Farlex. (2012). Cosmology. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from the Free Dictionary Website: http://www. thefreedictionary. com/cosmology Welser-Sherrill, L. (2007). A History of the Universe. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from the Star Teach Astronomy Education Website: http://www. starteachastronomy. com/universe. html Laughlin, R. , ; Pines, D. (2012). The Theory of Everything. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from the Star Teach Astronomy Education Website: http://www. pnas. org/content/97/1/28. full

Blood Brothers Essay

Within a Blood Brothers. Compare the role of the narrator in the Play Blood Brothers and consider how you Would present the narrator to an audience if you were the director. The dictionary definition of narrate – VT (a story) to tell, relate; to give an account of; (film, TV) to provide a spoken commentary for narration n – narrator n†¦ The tradition of narration came from the Greek chorus. Their were thirteen people in the chorus; all singing and dancing. The chorus which served as the narrator, asked probing questions, and also gave great advice to the heroes. If there was any violence it was merely narrated, and not presented for fear of offending the audience. The purpose of the narrator is to let the audience know what is going on. Narration is one of the most important components of a story. The characters, plot, setting, and theme are also significant; however the narrator sets the mood and also the pace of the story, as well as predicting what might happen when the narrator is omniscient. In Blood Brothers the narrator plays a variety of roles for example sometimes he is at a higher status than them and also is sometimes very negative. The original Greek narrator was in a chorus which consisted of thirteen people, in the play ‘Blood Brothers’ the narrator sang with the characters but he was much more involved and not separated, as the Greek chorus were. The Greek chorus usually stayed as part of the chorus or on the side of the stage. They knew everything about the characters and sometimes they could see into the future like in ‘Blood Brothers’ when the narrator was preparing the audience for what was going to come next in throughout the play. They usually spoke the beginning and end of the play. He narrated the beginning of the play to set the scene and at the end he was the last one to speak before they in ‘Blood Brothers’ case this was just after the twins died. In act 1 scene 1 the narrator is a storyteller. He also sounds, very negative in what he is saying as he says ‘ Brother parted from brother’ ‘Wrenched apart’ ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ which is negative. His mother gave him away because she didn’t think she would be able to cope and also because of money as well as her other seven children. I feel that the narrator is being very harsh because the way he says ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ but she knew that she might be able to cope with one more children but not with two as it’s only her to look after them. I don’t think its good that the narrator manipulates the characters minds as it is coming away from the tradition so I don’t think that’s a good idea because as soon as one thing changes they change everything. In this scene Act 1 scene 3 ‘the shoes the shoes†¦ ‘ ‘What’s wrong with them’ ‘on. On the table take them off†¦ take them off’ ‘oh god you never put new shoes on a table Miss Lyons. You never know what might happen. ‘ The narrator is forcing the idea of superstitions and it makes the audience wonder if it will have any effects, as it appears to. Eventually he is also trying to enforce that as she was not very well educated and believe in superstition like that but as the educated ones know more and are better off so they don’t believe in as much superstition as them. The narrator appears to be working in Mrs Lyons favour and against the mother. In act 1 scene 6 the narrator informs the audience he has also set up his plan on controlling the families, that the mother reminding the audience of the decision and is regretting giving her baby away, ‘ The debt’ makes it sound like it’s a business deal and is also a metaphor, ‘ Paid’ those words are both cold. The narrator is also blaming the mother for giving her child away. I think that it is her fault for giving her child but at the end of the day she knew she wouldn’t be able to cope with any more children so she had to do something. The narrator’s main role throughout the show is to act as a constant reminder to us of the brother’s tragic fate for example ‘Shoes upon the table’ which is repeated throughout both acts of the show. In Act 2 scene 1 the narrator makes this scene particularly eerie. The idea of the devil being there all the time indicates something terrible might happen. Here he is playing the part of the devil ‘there’s no use clutching at your rosary, the Devils in the back yard, he can see thought the gaps in the curtains he sees it all, there’s no use in hiding in the hall. When he raps at the knocker then he knows you’re in; No you wont no you’ll never get away from him. This raises an evil issue as he’s everywhere. The last two lines ‘No you won’t, No you’ll never get away from him. ‘ Is an eerie writing that is repeated for even more effect. From Act 2 scene 11 we notice from the first two lines that there is repetition. The only difference is of the back yard working – class garden middle class. ‘Devil in your bones getting into your ghostly running away from someone you can run hide but he’ll always find you when he rings at the chimes’ it builds up tension as he is saying that you will never get away from the devil even if you run hide he’ll always find you and is also showing the ghostly side of him, and again the idea of the negative within the play. From Act 4 Scene 1 we notice the narrator in a positive light as he comments ‘The summers never ever going to end’ ‘ The devil is hardly visible’. There is not much evidence of negative. The narrator also makes the audience happy which also makes the m unprepared for what is coming. In Act 4 scene 2 there is as difference as the social class has divided them because Mickey wanted to work but Eddie has a lot of money and doesn’t have to work which causes frustration for Mickey. Again the narrator hints at the idea that the social class division may lead to a negative outcome. In this scene (Act 4 scene 3) Mickey is offered a job from Eddie but refuses it and is sad because he cannot find one himself, the feels that he has lost the sense of pride. Again this gives the audience even more clue that because of this Mickey and Eddie will be torn apart even more. In Act 5 scene 1 Linda got Mickey and Eddie takes over his fathers business. Gradually throughout the play the narrator is not warning + predicting but gradually taking over the whole character by being within that character. If I was the director I would dress the narrator in black as that is a dark colour and also can represent the negativity in the play. But I would also dress him in a lighter colour like yellow to show the happier side of the narrator. I would make him dress in red to show the devil side of him or give him a red fork so show that there is also a devil with in him when he is manipulating the characters to do bad things or talking in a cold tone. I’d also consider putting him at a higher status I would make him stand on the balcony or on staging blocks as he seems to be controlling the families but I would also ask him to walk around so he would be in with the cast to show the equality in status at times. He would have a deep voice as many people see god as having a deep voice and as he is controlling the families and is a higher status and people see god to be in the sky. My narrator would appear at the beginning and at the end of the play. He would also appear to sing with the characters so he will be interacting with the characters. He would also be standing on the balcony at the side when he would be controlling the families I would also want him to interact with the characters as I want him walking around in between the characters when they are frozen and he is explaining to the audience what is happening. For the body language if I was showing the bad side of him I would make him stand in one place at a higher status staring down at the characters but if he’s in a good mood I want him walking around interacting with the characters. I would also give him a strong accent as many people perceive god to have a strong accent and a deep voice. He will also talk loud as that’s how many people see god. Conclusion The understanding of the narrator has helped me to analyse this dramatic technique by setting the scene, also explaining to the audience what is going on. I found it particularly useful to be able to compare the Blood Brothers narrator with the original Greek narrator and this produced me with even more understanding.