UC Berkeley Free OpenCourseWare Online Classes

Every semester, University of California Berkeley records several popular courses and offers them free to the public as OpenCourseWare classes. New lectures are posted online each week during the run of the course. The webcast classes are archived for about a year; then  theyre removed from distribution. Like other OpenCourseWare programs, UC Berkeley usually doesnt offer credit or  student/teacher interaction for these free online classes. Where to Find UC Berkeley OpenCourseWare UC Berkeley’s OpenCourseWare webcasts can be found on three websites: Webcast. Berkeley, Berkeley on YouTube, and Berkeley on iTunes University.  By subscribing to UC Berkeley courses via iTunes, you’ll receive new lectures automatically and save a copy of each course on your hard drive. If you’re an RSS user, you can subscribe to a course through the Webcast Berkeley website and watch lectures in Google Reader or another appropriate application. The YouTube site provides streaming videos that can be watched anywhere or embedded in a website or blog. How to Use UC Berkeley OpenCourseWare If you plan to use UC Berkeley OpenCourseWare, it’s advisable to start at the beginning of the semester. Since lectures are posted online shortly after they’re given, you’ll be able to watch up-to-date recordings that reflect the most recent research and world events.The UC Berkeley websites offer only lectures, not assignments or reading lists. However, independent learners are often able to gather class materials by visiting the lecturers’ websites. When watching the first video of a course, be sure to listen for a class web address. Many lecturers provide downloadable material on their sites. Top Free Online Subjects From UC Berkeley Since UC Berkeley’s webcasts vary between semesters, there’s always something new to explore. Popular subjects include computer science, engineering, English, and psychology. Check out the Berkeley website for the most up-to-date list. Three sample classes include: How to Write an Essay: This  five-week  introduction to academic writing for English language learners  focuses on essay development, grammar, and self-editing. The  course is free, but two additional fee-based components are offered: a certificate highlighting the knowledge and skills gained and  weekly interactive  small-group sessions with a live mentor.Marketing Analytics: Products, Distribution, and Sales: This four-week  course offers instruction in advanced concepts such as conjoint analysis and decision tree methodologies to product decisions  as well as  the best ways to distribute and sell offerings to consumers. Also provided for a  fee is a certificate highlighting the knowledge and skills gained in the course.The Science of Happiness: This eight-week course teaches the science of positive psychology, which explores the roots of a happy and meaningful life. A  certificate highlighting the knowledge and skills gained in the course is  offered for aà ‚  fee. Part of a Partnership The UC Berkeley OpenCourseWare program is partnered with edX, an online course provider that offers more than 1,900 free and fee-based online courses from over 100 institutions worldwide. The partnership, founded by Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also includes nonprofit institutions, national governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations.

The Theory Of Human Motivation Essay - 1091 Words

Behavioural approach to leadership One of the core assumptions and concepts related to transactional leadership is the idea of ‘the rational man’. Subordinates are considered to be rational people, with rather simplistic motivational models influencing their behaviour. In essence, the theory believes human behaviour can be predicted, as each person is driven by a set of needs, which the transactional leadership framework assumes to be money and simple rewards. Two main theories of human motivation have influenced the transactional framework: Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Douglas McGregor’s Theory X. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Psychologist Abraham Maslow first proposed his ideas around human needs in a 1943 paper â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation†. The paper discusses the different elements of human motivation and needs. For Maslow, human needs are depicted in the form of a pyramid, with the lower-level needs at the bottom and the higher-level needs at the top. At the bottom, the needs are the most basic one. It includes most physiological needs, such as food and sleep, and security needs. The higher the pyramid you go, the tougher the needs can become to achieve. The top needs are about esteem and self-actualisation. Transactional leadership focuses on addressing the basic, lower-level needs, with only slight attention to the higher-level needs. In terms of subordinates, the purpose of the leadership is to ensure there is job security and safety, with the creationShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Motivation843 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation is a topic that is highly popular in modern media. Many medias such as television commercials use motivation as a selling point to most company’s. Human motivation is a strong topic used to sell products such as workout and dietary supplements.The concept of human motivation is the thought of how one can be motivated to do a specific task. People are motivated in many different ways, motivation can come from a drive to want to do something with a tenacious ideal. Motivation is not somethingRead MoreA Theory Of Human Motivation1086 Words   |  5 PagesA Theory of Human Motivation Maslow (1943) sets out to provide a theory as to why we as individuals become motivated to satisfy our basic needs and seek to fulfill other needs once the previous ones have been satisfied. He developed a concept called the hierarchy of needs, which he uses to interpret the different levels of needs individuals acquire. This theory is of importance as it provides reasoning and structure for the fulfillment of our everyday needs. After describing the five needs, theRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Motivation2839 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Motivation is a force that causes employees to select and choose certain behaviors from the many alternatives open to them (Lawler, E Suttle 1972 , 281). It has been widely accepted that motivation is one of the primary drivers of behavior in work place. The theory of human motivation describes motivation as the effective and efficient laden anticipations of preferred situations that guide the behavior of humans towards these situations. There are various motivational theorists asRead MoreA Theory Of Human Motivation2110 Words   |  9 Pagesare countless facets and many temperaments we need to take into account. In modern day, progressive circles, groups are comprised of much diversity and an assortments of ideals. In his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation in Psychological Review. [2]. Philosopher Abraham Maslow stated the third human interpersonal essential as the need to belong. (Include one more sentence commenting the need to belong in groups). Groups tend to form around many collectives including cultural, racial, religiousRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Motivation Essay1839 Words   |  8 PagesPensions Transfers †¢ Summative Coursework †¢ Session B60854 †¢ Course Start Date: 22 august 16 †¢ Submission Deadline: Midday 1 November 16 †¢ Candidate C53500. â€Æ' Introduction The theory of human motivation was introduced in 1943 by psychologist Abraham Maslow as the Hierarchy of needs. Basic needs like food and shelter once met give rise to psychological needs, which motivate behaviour. To feel good people, have a bias for instant gratification. The FCA are taking a keen interest in behaviouralRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation1560 Words   |  7 Pagesof what ideology one follows, is â€Å"what motivates humans?† In the year of 1943, Abram Maslow wrote his paper A Theory of Human Motivation. In this paper, Maslow described a theory in which he claimed that all people had basic needs, and these needs were fulfilled in order of their importance to the individual. Each need would need to be met prior to working towards another need, eventually achieving the ultimate goal of self-actualization. This theory is the basis of the humanistic perspective, whichRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation901 Words   |  4 PagesIn our everyday lives, we go through certain needs and behaviors. Abraham Maslow’s article of Theory of Human Motivation begins with the explanation of the Basic Needs of behavior. He goes over how our basic needs are safety , love, self-esteem, and self-actualization. (Physiological needs tend to go along with the other four needs.) When it comes to craving violence, four of the above needs apply to the given behavior. Starting with physiological needs; they are those needs that include survivalRead MoreAbraham Maslow : The Theory Of Human Motivation1356 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Maslow: The Theory of Human Motivation Abraham Harold Maslow was an American psychologist, born on April 1st 1908 in Brooklyn New York City, N.Y. Maslow is better known for the creating of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which I believe to be human motivation. This is considered to be a theory of psychological health predicted on fulfilling human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization. Maslow being ranked as the 10th most cited psychologist of the 20th century; from a book whichRead MoreMaslow s Theory On Human Motivation1310 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs was one of the earliest theories developed on human motivation. With the basic principle that higher-level motives could not become active before the basic needs had been met (Lahey, 2001). Maslow suggested that these basic needs such as food, water and safety needed to be in place and satisfied before motivation to meet higher needs is possible and takes effect. Maslow (1943) organised these human needs into five sets and then arranged those into a pyramid, withRead MoreA Theory Of Human Motivation By Abraham Maslow911 Words   |  4 Pagesthe passage, â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation,† by Abraham Maslow, and then write an analysis of the film, Homeless to Harvard: The Lizz Murray Story (The Analysis Assignment Instructions). We were told to use Maslow’s theory as an analytical tool and apply what he states in regards to human motivation to the characters in the film (201-205). Mr. Barrera, my English professor, helped with additional amplification and illustration in showing the connection of the film to Maslow’s theory. The study of this

Persistent Systemic Inflammation Associated â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Persistent Systemic Inflammation Associated? Answer: Introducation The seventy three year old retired Susan Bennett has been diagnosed with COPD. COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the disease of the lung that is characterized by the economics obstruction of the airflow to the lung. The normal breathing mechanism is greatly influenced by it and the patient who is suffering from the COPD often experiences shortness of breath which is increased gradually (Nordn et al., 2015). The client is complaining her GP of her breathlessness even while carrying out her regular life activities. Her GP interrogated her and came to know that she is also suffering from poor appetite and could not eat. She has a history of smoking which she quitted a year back. The pathophysiology of COPD is initiated with the airways and the air sac damage followed by the cough and the difficulty in the breathing (Agust et al., 2012). An additional interrogation is carried out by the attending GP of Susan Bennett. She complained of wheezing, frequent coughing which is sometimes accompanied by sputum and tightness in the chest. She also complained that her coughing is getting severe and it is making her difficult to eat. Her attending GP also observed that Susan has begun to lose weight significantly and Susan also complained of her loss of appetite (Lainscak et al., 2016). Her attending GP also examined that Susan is suffering from high blood pressure and that may lead to the condition known as pulmonary hypertension. COPD patients are often prescribed with exercises. Aerobic exercise is of much help to the patients suffering from COPD as it helps to improve the tolerance of exercise (Mohammed et al., 2017). They help to overcome the problem of breathlessness. Stretching of the arms and legs in order to lengthen the arms slowly is an effective measure to improve the motion and flexibility. Strengthening of the muscles by contracting the muscles repeatedly is helpful as it strengthens the respiratory muscle. Fatigue in leg is the outcome of the six minute walk in a patient suffering from COPD. Oxygen desaturation is also observed in COPD patients. Susan Bennett if suggested to have a walk every day, it is likely that she will continue to suffer from breathlessness and fatigue in leg. This would be tiresome for her and even after resting for some time after taking the walk; dyspnea or difficulty in breathing or labored breathing can be observed (Esser et al., 2015). The practice of exercise by a patient suffering from COPD has many goals. The first goal is the improvement of the circulatory system of the body and enables the body to use the oxygen (Troosters et al., 2016). The heart and the cardiovascular muscle are strengthened by regular exercising and the endurance power of the body is increased. The aim of practicing the exercise is to lower the blood pressure which tends to rise significantly in patients suffering from COPD. The benefit of exercising regularly by the COPD patient is that it helps to perform regular life activities without getting tired or suffering from breathlessness (Brusasco, 2012). The COPD patients thus if perform regular exercise can benefit them by improving the physical condition of the patient and making him fit enough so that he can carry out all the regular life activities. Physical exercise is one of the most important interventions suggested to the patients suffering from COPD. Physical exercise is suggested after carrying out a thorough check up of the patients physiological condition and his capability of performing exercise. Patients suffering from COPD are more often suggested to carry out aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise helps to improve the circulations, thus enabling the body to efficiently use oxygen. The resting heart rate condition is improved and decreases the blood pressure thus helping the individual to breathe properly (Divo et al., 2012). Initial consultation A COPD- specific management program is carried out which provides lesson on exercise and educates the people and helps them in restoring a better quality of life. The main aim of the AEP service provision is to increase the capacity to work independently, educating the COPD patients about the symptoms and outcome of the COPD and give them the training to promote the long term self-management (Dransfield et al., 2013). The AEP reduces the risk factors of dyspnea and mortality which is associated with the COPD. Susan Bennett had a habit of smoking regularly and there were also a history of lung cancer in her family. She was also suffering from right ventricular ejection fraction and that requires an echocardiogram. Susan Bennett also had a healthcare history of depression and GORD or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Risk assessment Pre-exercise screening is important in assessing the physical condition of the COPD patients and their risk factors. Exercise may risk Susan Bennett because she is having a cardiovascular problem and is echocardiogram is suggested for her. Physical activity may pose risk to her as these may results in the condition of low buildup fatty plaques (Durup et al., 2012). The risk of cardiovascular diseases is greatly increased by vigorous physical activity. Susan Bennett is suffering from cardiovascular disease and is suggested echocardiogram. Any physical exercise may pose risk to Susan Bennett (Esser et al., 2015). Approach to exercise assessment One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality are chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or COPD. The patient is suggested to carry out a regular physical activity as a part of the treatment. The exercise assessment is mainly done by the pulmonary rehabilitation which includes the supervision of the exercise training, psychological support o the COPD patients, a self-management education and a counseling process. The patients are meant to attend this session that would help to assess the exercise outcomes that they are undergoing. The assessments also includes the study and understanding of the patients medical history, the examination of the current breathing condition of the patient and identification of other limitations that may interfere with the rehabilitation process. The nutritional assessment of the patient is also carried out which becomes a part of the rehabilitation process. Client goals Susan Bennett was prescribed to do vigorous exercise after a pre-exercise screening was conducted. The goal of prescribing the physical activity is the improvement of the circulation and the COPD symptoms. The goal of the physical activity is to strengthen the cardiovascular system and help Susan Bennett to increase her power to endure. It also aims to lower the blood pressure that tends to increase in the patients suffering from COPD. Another most important goal of the physical exercise is that it helps to improve the oxygen utilization by the body (Galbn et al., 2012). Stretching exercise would help Susan Bennett to increase her flexibility as it involves the heart and lungs and thus in turn help to improve the endurance. Susan Bennett would get help if she performs aerobic exercise as it would help her to increase the endurance level of the heart and the muscle (Gloeckl, Marinov Pitta, 2013). Thus, one of the goals of the exercise intervention is met. The aerobic exercise would also help the body to use the oxygen efficiently which gradually increase the breathing capacity of Susan Bennett. Susan Bennett is also suffering from cardiovascular disorder and is also suggested to take rest and is not encouraged to perform her physical activity in a continuous process. A continuous physical activity would pose a threat to Susan Bennetts life. Susan Bennett is also suggested to have a walk regularly which is also a part of the aerobic exercise and proves to be one of the most effective measures for the treatment of the patients suffering from COPD (Kerwin et al., 2012). Strengthening exercise involves the tightening of the muscle and Susan Bennett is suggested to do this. Strengthening exercise would increase the capability of the breathing muscle and helps in the greater uptake of water and helps to breathe effortlessly. Susan Bennett would be benefitted if she carries out this physical activity as a part of her treatment. The goals of the physical exercise can be achieved by performing these exercises and would help to control and minimize her COPD symptoms (Lainscak et al., 2012). Exercise interventions Susan Bennett has been diagnosed with COPD. She has complained of breathlessness and that she is becoming tired even when she is carrying out her daily life activities. She is also suffering from poor appetite and coughing. After a thorough physical examination, an electrocardiogram has been suggested for Susan Bennett. Susan Bennett also has a medical history of depression and GORD (Magnussen et al., 2014). She has been suggested for some physical activity which would help her to overcome her COPD symptoms. Patients suffering from COPD are suggested to carry out physical exercises. Susan would gradually be able to improve her physical condition. Exercise training can greatly increase the quality of life in relation to health of the patient and enhance the exercise tolerance by the patient suffering from COPD. Susan Bennett has a history of depression and pulmonary rehabilitation would be of much help to her. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a treatment procedure of the COPD patient that includes the psychological counseling and exercising training for the COPD patients (Menezes et al., 2014). It is one of the most important parts of the treatment of the COPD patient and becomes a significant management programs that is carried out to control the chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Susan must consult with her physician before she starts her physical exercise in order to undergo a thorough a check up of her physiological condition. Her physician must consult with her to set the goals to enhance her body fitness and enables her to breathe effortlessly. They should discuss if there is any risk factors of her doing the physical exercise. It is the duty of the physician to inform Susan Bennett that she should adjust the amount of physical exercise she should carry out according to her physiological condition (Mohammed et al., 2017). Stretching exercises is one of the best options available for the COPD patients; it helps in lengthening the muscles of the patients and increases their flexibility as well, these aerobic exercises are known to increase the endurance and functionality of the heart and lungs and are known to be extremely beneficial for the COPD patients. Aerobic exercises increase the capability of oxygen saturation of your body allowing you to use more of the oxygen consumed and improves the breathing as well. Walking and using stationary bikes are other alternatives applicable for COPD patients to try as well (Nordn et al., 2015). Pursed lip breathing is another highly effective breathing exercise for the COPD patients, this exercise is advised by respiratory disease experts to utilize while doing other exercises as well, to improve breathing and increase the functionality of the lungs as well. However, pursed lip breathing can be exercised in any condition, at any time of the day and the patient can do it as many times in a day as preferred (Soler-Cataluna et al., 2012). In order to do this exercise the patient will need to follow three simple steps, relaxing the neck and shoulder muscles, followed by breathing in for 2 seconds through nose, and then breathing out via pursed lips for 4 seconds. Diaphragmatic breathing is an exercise that can be performed by the COPD patients as well. It has to be understood that diaphragm is the most vital respiratory muscle, which is the most affected after an episode of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders. Exercising diaphragmatic breathing can revive the potentiality and functionality of the diaphragm slowly but steadily, however this particular exercise is a little more complicated than rest of breathing exercises and the patient must pay attention to the details in order to get the most benefit out of it (Suissa et al., 2013). The patient will need to lie down bending her knee placing one hand below the rib cage and breathe very deeply through the nose and hold the breath for three seconds allowing the rib cage expand and then very slowly exhale through the slightly puckered lips; it will stretch the diaphragm and revive its functionality that has been lost due to COPD. There are some exercise-induced risk factors identified among the patients who are suffering from COPD and Susan Bennett can also be the victim of this. These risk factors include exercise-induced hypoxemia, sympathetic overactivity and progressive respiratory acidosis. The exercise-induced hypoxemia reduces the quality of life in the COPD patients. They also results in diminishing the level of the exercise tolerance, reducing the function of the skeletal muscle. These conditions would significantly increase the risk of death to the COPD patients (Troosters et al., 2016). Cardiovascular functions are often affected by the sympathetic over- activity in the patients who are suffering from the chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Susan Bennett was suggested to undergo electrocardiogram and maybe she is also suffering from cardiovascular disorder. Over exercising may also become a threat to Susans life. Exercise induced sympathetic over- activity may also results in the significant cardiovascular diseases like stroke, heart failure and many others and may even lead to death. Hence she will have to undergo exercise activities that will not exacerbate her cardiovascular risk factors or will not cause any potential harm to her cardiovascular conditions (Weiss et al., 2013). Progressive respiratory acidosis is also another type of exercise-induced risk factors that may result in the patients who is undergoing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is a condition where a disturbance occurs in the balance of the acid and base as a result of the alveolar hypoventilation. This also proves to be fatal to the COPD patients and is often life threatening. These drug-induced risk factors in the COPD patients can be treated by pulmonary rehabilitation (Wells et al., 2012). Susan Bennetts physician therefore must be careful enough in prescribing her the type of physical exercise she would carry out by assessing thoroughly the physiological condition. She must also remember that Susan has a history of intense smoking and that she also suffered from depression and GORD. There are a few exercises that Susan must avoid at all costs unless completely recovered from her respiratory disorder, such as heavy lifting, push- ups, isometric exercises, running, steep walking, shoveling, etc. Susans physical exercise is monitored by the Follicks diary, Physical activity scale for the elderly and many others. These methods fall under the physical activity monitoring which is carried out on the COPD patients to monitor the physical activity that they are capable to do. Self-motivated exercise program may also be suggested for Susan. These monitoring techniques are affordable and effective to monitor the physical activities that Susan will carry out as a part of treatment for COPD (Boerrigter et al., 2012). References Agust, A., Edwards, L. D., Rennard, S. I., MacNee, W., Tal-Singer, R., Miller, Nursing., ... Crim, C. (2012). Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD: a novel phenotype. PloS one, 7(5), e37483. Boerrigter, B. G., Bogaard, H. J., Trip, P., Groepenhoff, H., Rietema, H., Holverda, S., ... Vonk-Noordegraaf, A. (2012). Ventilatory and cardiocirculatory exercise profiles in COPD: the role of pulmonary hypertension. CHEST Journal, 142(5), 1166-1174. Brusasco, V. (2012). Spirometric definition of COPD: exercise in futility or factual debate?. Divo, M., Cote, C., de Torres, J. P., Casanova, C., Marin, J. M., Pinto-Plata, V., ... Celli, B. (2012). Comorbidities and risk of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,186(2), 155-161. Dransfield, M. T., Bourbeau, J., Jones, P. W., Hanania, N. A., Mahler, D. A., Vestbo, J., ... Lettis, S. (2013). Once-daily inhaled fluticasone furoate and vilanterol versus vilanterol only for prevention of exacerbations of COPD: two replicate double-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trials.The Lancet Respiratory Medicine,1(3), 210-223. Durup, D. J. H. C. J. S. P. H. A. L. B., Jrgensen, H. L., Christensen, J., Schwarz, P., Heegaard, A. M., Lind, B. (2012). A reverse J-shaped association of all-cause mortality with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in general practice: the CopD study.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,97(8), 2644-2652. Esser, R. W., Stoeckel, M. C., Kirsten, A., Watz, H., Lehmann, K., Taube, K., ... Von Leupoldt, A. (2015). Neural correlates of dyspnea in COPD. Galbn, C.J., Han, M.K., Boes, J.L., Chughtai, K.A., Meyer, C.R., Johnson, T.D., Galbn, S., Rehemtulla, A., Kazerooni, E.A., Martinez, F.J. and Ross, B.D., 2012. Computed tomography-based biomarker provides unique signature for diagnosis of COPD phenotypes and disease progression.Nature medicine,18(11), pp.1711-1715. Gloeckl, R., Marinov, B., Pitta, F. (2013). Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD. Kerwin, E., Hbert, J., Gallagher, N., Martin, C., Overend, T., Alagappan, V. K., ... Banerji, D. (2012). Efficacy and safety of NVA237 versus placebo and tiotropium in patients with COPD: the GLOW2 study.European Respiratory Journal,40(5), 1106-1114. Lainscak, M., Schols, A., Farkas, J., Sulz, I., Themessl-Huber, M., Laviano, A., ... Schindler, K. (2016). Weight loss, food intake and mortality in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the NutritionDay survey analysis. Magnussen, H., Disse, B., Rodriguez-Roisin, R., Kirsten, A., Watz, H., Tetzlaff, K., ... Chanez, P. (2014). Withdrawal of inhaled glucocorticoids and exacerbations of COPD.New England Journal of Medicine,371(14), 1285-1294. Menezes, A. M. B., de Oca, M. M., Prez-Padilla, R., Nadeau, G., Wehrmeister, F. C., Lopez-Varela, M. V., ... Tlamo, C. (2014). Increased risk of exacerbation and hospitalization in subjects with an overlap phenotype: COPD-asthma.CHEST Journal,145(2), 297-304. Mohammed, J., Derom, E., Van Oosterwijck, J., Da Silva, H., Calders, P. (2017). Evidence for aerobic exercise training on the autonomic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. psychology. Nordn, J., Grnberg, A., Bosaeus, I., Forslund, H. B., Hulthn, L., Rothenberg, E., ... Slinde, F. (2015). Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD.European journal of clinical nutrition,69(2), 256. Soler-Cataluna, J. J., Coso, B., Izquierdo, J. L., Lpez-Campos, J. L., Marn, J. M., Agero, R., ... Gonzlez, M. C. (2012). Consensus document on the overlap phenotype COPDasthma in COPD.Archivos de Bronconeumologa (English Edition),48(9), 331-337. Suissa, S., Patenaude, V., Lapi, F., Ernst, P. (2013). Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk of serious pneumonia.Thorax,68(11), 1029-1036. Troosters, T., Lavoie, K., Leidy, N., Maltais, F., Sedeno, M., Janssens, W., ... Bourbeau, J. (2016). Effects of bronchodilator therapy and exercise training, added to a self-management behaviour-modification programme, on physical activity in COPD. InAbstract presented at the ERS International Congress(pp. 3-7). Weiss, D. J., Casaburi, R., Flannery, R., LeRoux-Williams, M., Tashkin, D. P. (2013). A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in COPD.CHEST Journal,143(6), 1590-1598. Wells, J. M., Washko, G. R., Han, M. K., Abbas, N., Nath, H., Mamary, A. J., ... Beaty, T. H. (2012). Pulmonary arterial management and acute exacerbations of COPD.New England Journal of Medicine,367(10), 913-921.

Prufrock Essays - Chapbooks, The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock

Prufrock The Deeper Side of Prufrock: A Personal Analysis Thomas Sterns Eliot wrote the poem ?The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock? over a period of six years and published it circa 1917 at the ripe old age of twenty-nine. As his first published poem, ?Prufrock' revealed Eliot's original and highly developed style. Its startling jumps from rhetorical language to clich?, its indirect literary references, and its simultaneous humor and pessimism were quite new in English literature. (World Book, 236) Prufrock's quest for a life he cannot live and a question he has difficulty confronting is intriguingly played out in various aspects of his humanity. He is doing battle in all aspects of his personality, which establishes him as a neurotic character. Neurosis, as defined by the Thorndike/Barnhart World Book Dictionary, is: any one of various mental or emotional disorders characterized by depression, (?I should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.?) anxiety, (?So how should I presume? / And how should I presume? / And how should I begin? / And should I then presume) and abnormal fears, (?Do I dare disturb the universe). The personality of Prufrock embodies these characteristics. The physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of his life are governed by this ailment. Its fingers entwine about his very soul, affecting every area of his consciousness. Physically aging, this thin, balding male is aware of his decaying image, thus more self-conscious and less confident. This cannot be more clearly stated than in lines 40-45: With a bald spot in the middle of my hair? (They will say: ?How his hair is growing thin!?) My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin, My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin? (They will say: ?But how his arms and legs are thin!?) These physical insecurities prevent him from living the life he longs for by distracting him from the things that have real meaning, i.e., ?Shall I part my hair behind? and ?Do I dare to eat a peach These are petty questions that he asks to avoid the ?Overwhelming question.? Prufrock is consumed with these insignificant details of his life. Prufrock avoids life not only through trite physical worries, but through numerous mental labors as well. These mental labors range from imagining himself as being completely vulnerable ?Like a patient etherized upon a table? to Prufrock looking at the superficiality of his life. The lines ?I have measured out my life with coffee spoons?, setting a pillow or throwing off a shawl?, and ?I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled? show the shallowness of thought he uses to avoid coming to terms with his old age. Prufrock is a lonely man. In the poem, there is no evidence of any relationship outside of the one he has with himself. He makes references to restless nights in one-night cheap hotels? and ?women [that] come and go.? He desires intimate relationships, yet lacks the courage and self-confidence to even begin to pursue love. His humanity and dignity cannot fully be realized without it. Prufrock fancies himself to be someone who has known it all ? the evenings, the mornings, the afternoons, the eyes, the arms. His pride leads him to believe that he someone that he is not. Prufrock believes that life is superficial, but he alone is deep. He may not be Prince Hamlet, yet he is still advisor to the Prince. This is not a lowly job. He speaks highly of himself when he states ? Deferential, glad to be of use, / Politic, cautious, and meticulous.? Proud as he is, however, Prufrock eventually states the inevitable. He admits to being ?Almost, at times, the Fool.? With this confession, his pride crumbles and he surrenders to the realization of his mortality. The very next lines emphasize the gravity of this new awareness, ?I grow old? I grow old Here lies the turning point of his worldview. Prufrock once had ?Time to turn back and descend the stair,? but now time is running out. Throughout the poem, Prufrock's concept of time changes. Initially, he takes time for granted: There will be time, there will be time To prepare a face to meet the faces that you